Niche Specialization and Conservation Biology of Cicindela nevadica lincolniana
01 Jan 2010-
TL;DR: This work presents a meta-analysis of captive Rearing and Mortality Analysis of Cicindela nevadica lincolniana, a sympatric tiger beetle assemblage, and its role in the conservation of the Salt Creek tiger beetle.
Abstract: 13 Introduction 14 Methods and Materials 17 Results 20 Discussion 21 Tables and Figures 29 Chapter 2 Captive Rearing and Mortality Analysis of Cicindela nevadica lincolniana Abstract 35 Introduction 36 Methods and Materials 41 Results 44 Discussion 46 Tables and Figures 5835 Introduction 36 Methods and Materials 41 Results 44 Discussion 46 Tables and Figures 58 Chapter 3 Behavioral niche partitioning in a sympatric tiger beetle assemblage Abstract 62 Introduction 63 Methods and Materials 67 Results 6962 Introduction 63 Methods and Materials 67 Results 69 Discussion 71 Tables and Figures 75 Chapter 4 Using the visual arts to promote the conservation of the Salt Creek tiger beetle Abstract 89 Introduction 9089 Introduction 90 Methods and Materials 95 Results and Discussion 97 Tables and Figures 103 Summary and Conclusions 109 Literature Cited 112
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TL;DR: Results of this study strongly indicate that competition among these species for resources has been reduced by the adaptation of different thermoregulatory behaviors such as spending time in shallow water, avoiding the sun during the hottest parts of the day, and by positioning their body against or away from the soil.
Abstract: How behavioral patterns are related to niche partitioning is an important question in understanding how closely related species within ecological communities function. Behavioral niche partitioning associated with thermoregulation is well documented in tiger beetles as a group. Co-occurring species of salt flat tiger beetles have adapted many thermoregulatory behaviors to cope with this harsh ecosystem. On first examination these beetles appear to occur in overlapping microhabitats and therefore compete for resources. To determine if behavioral niche partitioning is allowing multiple species to occur within the same harsh salt flat ecosystem we observed Cicindela nevadica lincolniana, Cicindela circumpicta, Cicindela fulgida, and Cicindela togata between 8:00 h and 21:00 h and recorded all behaviors related to thermoregulation using a digital voice recorder. Results of this study strongly indicate that competition among these species for resources has been reduced by the adaptation of different thermoregulatory behaviors such as spending time in shallow water, avoiding the sun during the hottest parts of the day, and by positioning their body against or away from the soil. The endangered C. n. lincolniana appears to rely most heavily on the shallow water of seeps for their diurnal foraging behavior (potentially limiting their foraging habitat), but with the advantage of allowing foraging during the hottest times of the day when potential competitors are less frequent. Ironically, this association also may help explain C. n. lincolniana's susceptibility to extinction: beyond the loss of saline wetlands generally, limited seeps and pools even within remaining saline habitat may represent a further habitat limitation within an already limited habitat.
14 citations
TL;DR: Effective rearing methods are needed to recover the federally endangered Salt Creek tiger beetle, Cicindela (Ellipsoptera) nevadica lincolniana Casey, a subspecies that occurs exclusively in saline wetlands and seeps along Little Salt Creek in Lancaster County, Nebraska.
Abstract: Effective rearing methods are needed to recover the federally endangered Salt Creek tiger beetle, Cicindela (Ellipsoptera) nevadica lincolniana Casey, a subspecies that occurs exclusively in saline wetlands and seeps along Little Salt Creek in Lancaster County, Nebraska. Experiments were initiated to determine soil type and salinity concentrations appropriate for stimulating female oviposition in laboratory settings to produce larvae and/or adults for reintroduction to native habitats. In 2013, there were highly significant differences between native soil and a sand/loess soil mixture, but no differences between two salinity levels, 0.354 M and 0.5 M. In 2014, using only a sand/loess soil mixture, there were again no differences between the test salinity levels. A sand/loess soil mixture of either 0.354 M or 0.5 M salinity was determined to be optimum for egg production.
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TL;DR: The initial success of this translocation suggests that efforts using these methods to establish a population of C. d.
Abstract: The two key objectives of the recovery plan for the Federally threatened tiger beetle Cicindela dorsalis dorsalis Say are to protect populations within the Chesapeake Bay and to establish by reintroductions new populations in the U.S. northeast (New Jersey to Massachusetts). This article reports on the development and implementation of translocation work to establish a population of C. d. dorsalis at Gateway National Recreation Area, Sandy Hook, NJ, by using larvae from Chesapeake Bay populations. Previous experimental translocation trials in Virginia by using adults were unsuccessful because the adults dispersed from the translocation sites within 1–2 wk. Experimental translocations were conducted to test methods with larvae from several Virginia sites to Sandy Hook in September 1994 and 1995. The translocated larvae readily dug burrows, many survived the winter, and some emerged as adults the following summer. Additional translocations of >475 larvae each year were conducted in early May 1997, 1999, and 2000. Peak numbers of emerging adults counted each year in July increased from 178 in 1997 to 749 in 2001. Adults exhibited normal behaviors in the field (foraging, thermoregulation, and mating) and recruited larvae each year. A population seemed to be successfully established, but adult numbers declined sharply after the 2001 peak to 142 in 2002, 43 in 2003, and six in 2004. We have little evidence for the cause of this sharp decline in adult numbers, but it may have resulted from predation by gulls, dispersal triggered by the high gull densities where beetles occurred, or perhaps from coastal storm impacts causing a progressive decline in survival and recruitment of the beetle population. The initial success of this translocation suggests that efforts using these methods should be continued, but closer monitoring at the translocation site is needed to determine the fate of the population. These methods also may be applicable to the recovery of other threatened or endangered tiger beetles.
28 citations
"Niche Specialization and Conservati..." refers background in this paper
...Cicindela as a group of insects is well studied and many rearing techniques have become well established for a variety of species (Shelford 1908, Soans & Soans 1972, Palmer 1978, Palmer 1979, Hori 1982, Knisley 1997, Knisley and Hill 2005, Allgeier 2005)....
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...Many other endangered insect species still have population numbers that range in the thousands (Morgan et al. 2000, Knisley and Hill 2005) not hundreds as we see in this 3 population....
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...Ovipositional selectivity was examined for Cicindela nevadica lincolniana, Cicindela circumpicta, Cicindela togata, Cicindela punctulata, and Cicindela fulgida....
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TL;DR: DNA sequencing of some 1896 base pairs of mitochondrial DNA for one specimen each from three populations revealed only a single base pair change confined to a single of the three specimens, thus indicating an extremely low level of differentiation when compared to similar populations of Cicindela (s.l.) elsewhere.
Abstract: Population surveys of the tiger beetle, Cicindela (Cephalota) deserticoloides, endemic to the few remaining salt steppes of southeastern Spain revealed only four extant colonies. DNA sequencing of some 1896 base pairs of mitochondrial DNA for one specimen each from three populations revealed only a single base pair change confined to a single of the three specimens, thus indicating an extremely low level of differentiation when compared to similar populations of Cicindela (s.l.) elsewhere. Divergence of C. deserticoloides from the closest relatives in the Iberian Peninsula was between 6.9 and 9.9%, attesting to the uniqueness of the species and its high conservation status. Habitat requirements appear to be phylogenetically conserved within Cephalota, but C. deserticoloides seems to be more narrowly confined to relatively drier conditions than its less endangered relatives. The geographic range of the relatives is wider and their local abundance higher, indicating that habitat specialization, low abundance and small geographic range in C. deserticoloides are correlated and in sum are responsible for its vulnerability to extinction.
28 citations
"Niche Specialization and Conservati..." refers background in this paper
...For example, Diogo et al. (1999) examined a complex of cooccuring Cicindela species and found that one species (Cicindela deserticoloides) was less common than other co-occurring tiger beetles....
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TL;DR: This study suggests that additional insect species and life stages should be examined for hypoxia tolerance regardless of perceived threat of immersion, because the lengthy survival times of adult tiger beetles are likely a result of adaptations to immersion during periods of inactivity.
Abstract: Flooding exposes terrestrial organisms to severe hypoxia. Among the best-studied insects that are frequently exposed to sooding are tiger beetle (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae) larvae. In previous studies with a limited number of species, a correlation was found between habitat and hypoxia tolerance. In the current study, we examined hypoxia tolerance among third instars of six Cicindela species that vary in habitat association; we also tested adult survival of these species. We found that larvae of the different species survived an average of between 60 and 120 h of submersion in severely hypoxic water at 20C, with larvae that occur in dry sand having somewhat lower survival times. However, among larvae, there was no correlation between survival times and habitat risk of sooding. We found surprisingly high survival times among adult tiger beetles with a range of 10 h to 46 h. Adult Cicindela formosa formosa Say that are associated with dry sand and are active in the spring and fall survived submersion for 40 h, longer than any previously reported adult terrestrial insect exposed to hypoxia at moderate environmental temperatures. The lengthy survival times of adult tiger beetles are likely a result of adaptations to immersion during periods of inactivity. Our study suggests that additional insect species and life stages should be examined for hypoxia tolerance regardless of perceived threat of immersion.
27 citations
"Niche Specialization and Conservati..." refers background in this paper
...When ability to withstand extended periods of flooding was examined across species no correlation was found between survival times and habitat risk of flooding (Brust and Hoback 2009)....
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...Brust and Hoback (2009) determined that riparian species of tiger beetles are able to be underwater for extended periods of time; however, it is unlikely that salinity is being used as an environmental indicator for seasonal flooding....
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Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this paper, a modele mathematique de budget temps du bain de soleil thermoregulateur pratique par les ectothermes is presented, based on a modelle mathematical model.
25 citations
"Niche Specialization and Conservati..." refers background in this paper
...Dreisig 1985, Morgan 1985, 74 Pearson and Lederhouse 1987, Schultz and Hadley 1987, Schultz et al. 1991, Schultz 1998, Hoback et al. 2001, Romey and Knisley 2002)....
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...Dreisig 1985, Morgan 1985, Pearson and Lederhouse 1987, Schultz and Hadley 1987, Schultz et al. 1991, Schultz 1998, Hoback et al. 2001, Romey and Knisley 2002)....
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