Niche Specialization and Conservation Biology of Cicindela nevadica lincolniana
01 Jan 2010-
TL;DR: This work presents a meta-analysis of captive Rearing and Mortality Analysis of Cicindela nevadica lincolniana, a sympatric tiger beetle assemblage, and its role in the conservation of the Salt Creek tiger beetle.
Abstract: 13 Introduction 14 Methods and Materials 17 Results 20 Discussion 21 Tables and Figures 29 Chapter 2 Captive Rearing and Mortality Analysis of Cicindela nevadica lincolniana Abstract 35 Introduction 36 Methods and Materials 41 Results 44 Discussion 46 Tables and Figures 5835 Introduction 36 Methods and Materials 41 Results 44 Discussion 46 Tables and Figures 58 Chapter 3 Behavioral niche partitioning in a sympatric tiger beetle assemblage Abstract 62 Introduction 63 Methods and Materials 67 Results 6962 Introduction 63 Methods and Materials 67 Results 69 Discussion 71 Tables and Figures 75 Chapter 4 Using the visual arts to promote the conservation of the Salt Creek tiger beetle Abstract 89 Introduction 9089 Introduction 90 Methods and Materials 95 Results and Discussion 97 Tables and Figures 103 Summary and Conclusions 109 Literature Cited 112
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TL;DR: Results of this study strongly indicate that competition among these species for resources has been reduced by the adaptation of different thermoregulatory behaviors such as spending time in shallow water, avoiding the sun during the hottest parts of the day, and by positioning their body against or away from the soil.
Abstract: How behavioral patterns are related to niche partitioning is an important question in understanding how closely related species within ecological communities function. Behavioral niche partitioning associated with thermoregulation is well documented in tiger beetles as a group. Co-occurring species of salt flat tiger beetles have adapted many thermoregulatory behaviors to cope with this harsh ecosystem. On first examination these beetles appear to occur in overlapping microhabitats and therefore compete for resources. To determine if behavioral niche partitioning is allowing multiple species to occur within the same harsh salt flat ecosystem we observed Cicindela nevadica lincolniana, Cicindela circumpicta, Cicindela fulgida, and Cicindela togata between 8:00 h and 21:00 h and recorded all behaviors related to thermoregulation using a digital voice recorder. Results of this study strongly indicate that competition among these species for resources has been reduced by the adaptation of different thermoregulatory behaviors such as spending time in shallow water, avoiding the sun during the hottest parts of the day, and by positioning their body against or away from the soil. The endangered C. n. lincolniana appears to rely most heavily on the shallow water of seeps for their diurnal foraging behavior (potentially limiting their foraging habitat), but with the advantage of allowing foraging during the hottest times of the day when potential competitors are less frequent. Ironically, this association also may help explain C. n. lincolniana's susceptibility to extinction: beyond the loss of saline wetlands generally, limited seeps and pools even within remaining saline habitat may represent a further habitat limitation within an already limited habitat.
14 citations
TL;DR: Effective rearing methods are needed to recover the federally endangered Salt Creek tiger beetle, Cicindela (Ellipsoptera) nevadica lincolniana Casey, a subspecies that occurs exclusively in saline wetlands and seeps along Little Salt Creek in Lancaster County, Nebraska.
Abstract: Effective rearing methods are needed to recover the federally endangered Salt Creek tiger beetle, Cicindela (Ellipsoptera) nevadica lincolniana Casey, a subspecies that occurs exclusively in saline wetlands and seeps along Little Salt Creek in Lancaster County, Nebraska. Experiments were initiated to determine soil type and salinity concentrations appropriate for stimulating female oviposition in laboratory settings to produce larvae and/or adults for reintroduction to native habitats. In 2013, there were highly significant differences between native soil and a sand/loess soil mixture, but no differences between two salinity levels, 0.354 M and 0.5 M. In 2014, using only a sand/loess soil mixture, there were again no differences between the test salinity levels. A sand/loess soil mixture of either 0.354 M or 0.5 M salinity was determined to be optimum for egg production.
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01 Jan 2003
TL;DR: Mass rearing of the endangered lycaenid Glaucopsyche lygdamus palosverdesensis (Palos Verdes blue butterfly) is described, with discussion of all aspects of life history, difficulties with parasitoids and predators, cage design, and artificial diet use.
Abstract: Mass rearing of the endangered lycaenid Glaucopsyche lygdamus palosverdesensis (Palos Verdes blue butterfly) is described Numerous problems were encountered in our attempts to predictably produce a large stock population both as insurance against extinction and for re-introduction to sites where the species has been extirpated We describe our approaches to mass rearing with discussion of all aspects of life history, difficulties with parasitoids and predators, cage design, and artificial diet use Both cylindrical cages placed over individual potted plants and outdoor tent cages were successful in providing conditions where captive individuals would mate without intervention, transcending previous limits posed by hand pairing From a small initial stock, we produced between 168 and 968 pupae each season Highest losses were experienced in first instar, with later losses from microsporidian infection Predation during pupation was also significant in semi-natural confined conditions The effort has been in progress for eight years and is continuing
19 citations
Book•
01 Jan 2009
TL;DR: Goodall's view on the hopeful future of endangered animals and their coexistence with human culture is bolstered by studies and accounts she has uncovered during her ceaseless travels as a heroine fighting on behalf of the well-being of our planet as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Interweaving firsthand experiences in the field with premier scientists and environmentalists, Jane Goodall presents a hopeful look at the animals once on the verge of extinction that are now coming back. This book is an illuminating look at how, through the grace of nature and the dedicated work of scientists and environmentalists, we can and are actually saving animal species. Through Goodall's signature impassioned narrative, we read fascinating accounts of how the course of fate has been reversed for these animals. Each chapter illustrates the crucial need to continue saving habitats and the species that live there, as well as to educate new generations to be better stewards than previous generations have been. Goodall's views on the hopeful future of endangered animals and their co-existence with human culture is bolstered by studies and accounts she has uncovered during her ceaseless travels as a heroine fighting on behalf of the well-being of our planet.
19 citations
TL;DR: Two breeding programmes carried out by budgerigar breeders have been analysed in order to detect effects of inbreeding on fitness characters, and results are conflicting: inbreeding has no effect on clutch sizes and a deleterious effect on fledging success in one stock, whilst in the other stock, inbreeding either did not affect, or significantly increased, values for clutch size, egg fertility and hatchability, and fledges success.
Abstract: Two breeding programmes carried out by budgerigar breeders have been analysed in order to detect effects of inbreeding on fitness characters. The results from the two programmes are conflicting: inbreeding has no effect on clutch sizes and a deleterious effect on fledging success in one stock, whilst in the other stock, inbreeding either did not affect, or significantly increased, values for clutch size, egg fertility and hatchability, and fledging success. Two possible interpretations of this heterogeneity are (1) that the early history of the particular genotypes in the second stock led to tolerance of inbreeding or (2) that the result from the first stock is a consequence of inbreeding a trait modified by directional selection during domestication. These possibilities can be distinguished by further observations. In general, the use of results from even recently domesticated animals to estimate the impact of inbreeding in undomesticated populations is unwise. The existence of significant information in amateur breeders' records is of importance in broadening our understanding of these problems.
18 citations
TL;DR: The creative urge is fundamental to the human condition and provides a conspicuous common ground between members of Landcare and the arts, prompting as mentioned in this paper to ask whether artists can become more involved in changing community behaviour toward the environment.
Abstract: The creative urge is fundamental to the human condition and provides a conspicuous common ground between members of Landcare and the arts, prompting us to ask whether artists can become more involved in changing community behaviour toward the environment.
17 citations
"Niche Specialization and Conservati..." refers background in this paper
...Curtis (2003) notes that the arts are commonly at the forefront of challenging dominant paradigms and that artists are often active participants in attempts to change society....
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TL;DR: Co‐occurrence of closely related predators in a prey‐limited habitat appears to contradict the principle of competitive exclusion, however it may be explained through indirect effects, niche shifts, and intraguild predation.
Abstract: Summary
1. Co-occurrence of closely related predators in a prey-limited habitat appears to contradict the principle of competitive exclusion, however it may be explained through indirect effects, niche shifts, and intraguild predation.
2. The interactions between sympatric tiger beetle Cicindela species were examined. Cicindela circumpicta is the largest of three species (C. circumpicta, C. togata, C. fulgida) found in saline habitats throughout central North America. The temporal occurrence of these species overlaps, as does their spatial occurrence on exposed salt flats of saline marshes. During field observations, exoskeletal remains of C. togata were found at the study site in Nebraska, U.S.A.
3. In laboratory trials, male C. circumpicta ate C. togata in 38% of trials and female C. circumpicta ate C. togata in 50% of trials (n = 24).
4. In the field, potential prey, consisting mainly of small flies, was found mostly in shaded conditions but tiger beetles differed significantly in shade use, with C. circumpicta spending 70% of the time in the shade compared with ≈ 20% for C. togata. Differential habitat use was not explained by maximum temperature tolerances, which did not differ between the species.
5. Laboratory trials established that both tiger beetle species consumed small prey (apterous Drosophila) but C. togata was more efficient at capturing winged Drosophila.
6. Foraging efficiency, as measured by the time taken for a C. togata to capture three prey items, decreased significantly in the presence of other tiger beetles, especially C. circumpicta.
7. These results are an indication that intraguild predation and induced changes in foraging behaviour operate in the ecology of adult tiger beetles.
16 citations
"Niche Specialization and Conservati..." refers background in this paper
...Hoback et al. (2001) theorized that this was due to C. togata avoiding being preyed upon by C. circumpicta....
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...Cicindela circumpicta and C. togata have the same tolerance to heat yet they forage in different microhabitats on the flats (Hoback et al. 2001)....
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...Past and current research supports the theory that these tiger beetles are using oviposition as a mechanism for niche partitioning (Hoback et al. 2000, 2001, Allgeier 64 2005)....
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...Dreisig 1985, Morgan 1985, Pearson and Lederhouse 1987, Schultz and Hadley 1987, Schultz et al. 1991, Schultz 1998, Hoback et al. 2001, Romey and Knisley 2002)....
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...Dreisig 1985, Morgan 1985, 74 Pearson and Lederhouse 1987, Schultz and Hadley 1987, Schultz et al. 1991, Schultz 1998, Hoback et al. 2001, Romey and Knisley 2002)....
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