Niche Specialization and Conservation Biology of Cicindela nevadica lincolniana
01 Jan 2010-
TL;DR: This work presents a meta-analysis of captive Rearing and Mortality Analysis of Cicindela nevadica lincolniana, a sympatric tiger beetle assemblage, and its role in the conservation of the Salt Creek tiger beetle.
Abstract: 13 Introduction 14 Methods and Materials 17 Results 20 Discussion 21 Tables and Figures 29 Chapter 2 Captive Rearing and Mortality Analysis of Cicindela nevadica lincolniana Abstract 35 Introduction 36 Methods and Materials 41 Results 44 Discussion 46 Tables and Figures 5835 Introduction 36 Methods and Materials 41 Results 44 Discussion 46 Tables and Figures 58 Chapter 3 Behavioral niche partitioning in a sympatric tiger beetle assemblage Abstract 62 Introduction 63 Methods and Materials 67 Results 6962 Introduction 63 Methods and Materials 67 Results 69 Discussion 71 Tables and Figures 75 Chapter 4 Using the visual arts to promote the conservation of the Salt Creek tiger beetle Abstract 89 Introduction 9089 Introduction 90 Methods and Materials 95 Results and Discussion 97 Tables and Figures 103 Summary and Conclusions 109 Literature Cited 112
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TL;DR: Results of this study strongly indicate that competition among these species for resources has been reduced by the adaptation of different thermoregulatory behaviors such as spending time in shallow water, avoiding the sun during the hottest parts of the day, and by positioning their body against or away from the soil.
Abstract: How behavioral patterns are related to niche partitioning is an important question in understanding how closely related species within ecological communities function. Behavioral niche partitioning associated with thermoregulation is well documented in tiger beetles as a group. Co-occurring species of salt flat tiger beetles have adapted many thermoregulatory behaviors to cope with this harsh ecosystem. On first examination these beetles appear to occur in overlapping microhabitats and therefore compete for resources. To determine if behavioral niche partitioning is allowing multiple species to occur within the same harsh salt flat ecosystem we observed Cicindela nevadica lincolniana, Cicindela circumpicta, Cicindela fulgida, and Cicindela togata between 8:00 h and 21:00 h and recorded all behaviors related to thermoregulation using a digital voice recorder. Results of this study strongly indicate that competition among these species for resources has been reduced by the adaptation of different thermoregulatory behaviors such as spending time in shallow water, avoiding the sun during the hottest parts of the day, and by positioning their body against or away from the soil. The endangered C. n. lincolniana appears to rely most heavily on the shallow water of seeps for their diurnal foraging behavior (potentially limiting their foraging habitat), but with the advantage of allowing foraging during the hottest times of the day when potential competitors are less frequent. Ironically, this association also may help explain C. n. lincolniana's susceptibility to extinction: beyond the loss of saline wetlands generally, limited seeps and pools even within remaining saline habitat may represent a further habitat limitation within an already limited habitat.
14 citations
TL;DR: Effective rearing methods are needed to recover the federally endangered Salt Creek tiger beetle, Cicindela (Ellipsoptera) nevadica lincolniana Casey, a subspecies that occurs exclusively in saline wetlands and seeps along Little Salt Creek in Lancaster County, Nebraska.
Abstract: Effective rearing methods are needed to recover the federally endangered Salt Creek tiger beetle, Cicindela (Ellipsoptera) nevadica lincolniana Casey, a subspecies that occurs exclusively in saline wetlands and seeps along Little Salt Creek in Lancaster County, Nebraska. Experiments were initiated to determine soil type and salinity concentrations appropriate for stimulating female oviposition in laboratory settings to produce larvae and/or adults for reintroduction to native habitats. In 2013, there were highly significant differences between native soil and a sand/loess soil mixture, but no differences between two salinity levels, 0.354 M and 0.5 M. In 2014, using only a sand/loess soil mixture, there were again no differences between the test salinity levels. A sand/loess soil mixture of either 0.354 M or 0.5 M salinity was determined to be optimum for egg production.
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TL;DR: If captive populations are maintained with minimal selection, either by direct manipulation of the environment or by equalizing family contributions, the increased frequency of potentially deleterious mutations may rapidly lower the ability of these populations to exist under natural conditions.
Abstract: We compared life-history schedules among populations of the housefly ( Musca domestica L.) maintained in the laboratory under curtailed life span, such that selection on mutations that affected only late-life fitness traits was reduced. As a result of this regime, late-life ( but not early-life) fecundity declined within a few generations. The results suggest that if captive populations are maintained with minimal selection, either by direct manipulation of the environment or by equalizing family contributions, the increased frequency of potentially deleterious mutations may rapidly lower the ability of these populations to exist under natural conditions. This would be independent of population size, so expanding captive populations would not alleviate potential fitness reductions due to relaxed selection.
62 citations
"Niche Specialization and Conservati..." refers background in this paper
...Snyder et al. (1996) points out that genetic changes can be very rapid in certain fish and invertebrate populations (Bryant and Reed 1999, van Oosterhout et al. 2000, Lewis and Thomas 2001, Ford 2002, Dzurisin 2005), given their underlying genetic diversity and reproductive rates....
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Book•
01 Jan 1984
61 citations
"Niche Specialization and Conservati..." refers background in this paper
...One of the greatest writers about the value of nature Thoreau (1906) wrote, “We can never have enough of nature....
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TL;DR: The tiger beetle Cicindela hybrida and its insect prey constitute a simple predator-prey system in which the predator searches at random and the prey is continuously renewed and the rate of predation is strongly dependent on the ambient temperature.
Abstract: The tiger beetle Cicindela hybrida and its insect prey constitute a simple predator-prey system in which the predator searches at random and the prey is continuously renewed. By means of the basic functional response equation, modified for this situation, it is shown that the rate of predation is strongly dependent on the ambient temperature. The parameters of the model were determined in the field at temperatures between 200 and 44TC. The speed of locomotion, handling time and success rate were little dependent on temperature because of the thermoregulatory abilities of the tiger beetles. The fraction of time spent searching increased to a plateau above 36TC. The number of prey items present increased to a maximum at 360C and then decreased at higher temperatures. The resultant capture rate has a bellshaped distribution in relation to temperature. It increases from less than one prey/h at 20'C to a maximum of ca. 7 prey/h at 36TC. At high temperatures the rate falls off. The number of prey captured at different temperatures was also observed directly and a good agreement was found between observed and calculated values.
57 citations
"Niche Specialization and Conservati..." refers background in this paper
...How tiger beetles allocate their time in relation to temperature has been studied extensively (Dreisig 1980, Dreisig 1981, Dreisig 1984....
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...There is a long history of thermoregulation studies that focus on tiger beetles and that link thermoregulation behaviors to rescource partitioning (Dreisig 1980, Dreisig 1981, Dreisig 1984....
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TL;DR: Several examples are described that provide evidence of how the arts can stir emotions and attract new audiences, increase awareness, improve classroom instruction, introduce new perspectives, and foster environmental stewardship.
Abstract: Emotions play a central role in the decisions we make. For example, we often make poor investment choices because we are driven by our emotions rather than rational judgment (Tversky & Kahneman 1991). On the positive side, when emotional input is added to learning experiences, it makes them more memorable and exciting. The brain deems the information more important and enhances memory of the event. Presenting facts alone is less likely to result in long-term changes in feelings and behaviors (Sylwester 1994; Weiss 2000; Cable & Ernst 2003). The arts offer a way to make an emotional connection to people, and the visual and performing arts can help conservation practitioners reach new audiences. Art can provoke reactions that typical education and outreach methods do not. Art has the potential to inform audiences or participants in a new way about conservation topics, and it can stimulate new dialogues and actions. By engaging multiple senses and emphasizing social interaction, the arts can provide people with emotional pleasure and support (Levinthal 1988). Medical practitioners find that incorporating movement, sound, art, and journal writing into their therapeutic practices helped patients identify feelings, explore unconscious material, gain insight, and solve problems (Rogers 1993). Writing and reading poems helped medical students better understand a sick patient’s feelings and their own relationship to disease and healing (Grace 2004). Applying these principles to conservation issues could foster closer relationships with nature and more creative solutions to problems. Ideally, conservation education and outreach promotes interdisciplinary understanding of the natural and built environment through the sciences, arts, and humanities. The theory of multiple intelligences suggests that educators should incorporate more integrated skill sets, including musical and kinesthetic intelligences, into activities to enhance learning (Gardner 1999). Using complementary intelligences in conservation education would foster environmental literacy for a greater variety of people. Yet conservation educators often focus solely on technical dissemination of scientific information and overlook other ways of understanding the world (Turner & Freedman 2004). This technocentric approach may not incite people to reflect on their values or personal behaviors (Job 1996) or inspire people to engage in sustainable land-use or consumption patterns. Use of the arts is an important yet little-studied strategy for effective conservation outreach. We describe several examples that provide evidence of how the arts can stir emotions and attract new audiences, increase awareness, improve classroom instruction, introduce new perspectives, and foster environmental stewardship. Encouraging a variety of ways of understanding the world should result in better care of it.
56 citations
"Niche Specialization and Conservati..." refers background in this paper
...Emotions play a central role in human decision making processes (Jacobson et al. 2007)....
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...An informed and involved public is instrumental in conservation efforts (Jacobson et al. 2007)....
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TL;DR: A model is developed describing the relation between mean body temperature (Tb) and the lower operative environmental temperature (Ta), and it is shown to be a curvilinear function, not a linear one as often has been assumed.
54 citations
"Niche Specialization and Conservati..." refers background in this paper
...How tiger beetles allocate their time in relation to temperature has been studied extensively (Dreisig 1980, Dreisig 1981, Dreisig 1984....
[...]
...There is a long history of thermoregulation studies that focus on tiger beetles and that link thermoregulation behaviors to rescource partitioning (Dreisig 1980, Dreisig 1981, Dreisig 1984....
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