Journal Article•
Nickel plating on steel by chemical reduction
01 Jan 1998-Plating and Surface Finishing (American Electroplaters and Surface Finishers Society)-Vol. 85, Iss: 8, pp 54-56
TL;DR: In this article, a process was developed for the production of adherent nickel deposits of good quality on steel without the use of an electric current, which was brought about by chemical reduction of a nickel salt with hypophosphites in a hot ammoniacal solution.
Abstract: A process has been developed for the production of adherent nickel deposits of good quality on steel without the use of an electric current. The deposition of nickel is brought about by chemical reduction of a nickel salt with hypophosphites in a hot ammoniacal solution. The reaction is catalytic and, under the prescribed conditions of concentration and pH, no reduction occurs in the solution unless certain metals, such as steel or nickel, are introduced into the bath. The reduction then occurs only at the surface of the immersed metal with the production of a coating of nickel of 96 to 97 percent purity.
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TL;DR: The development of metal deposition processes based on electroless nickel, alloy and composite coatings on various surfaces has witnessed a surge in interest among researchers, with many recent applications made possible from many excellent properties as mentioned in this paper.
680 citations
Cites background from "Nickel plating on steel by chemical..."
...The autocatalytic or chemical reduction of aqueous metal ions coated to a base substrate without passage of external current is referred as electroless plating ([1-2])....
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors reviewed the tribological advancement of different electroless nickel coatings based on the bath types, structure and also the tribo testing parameters in recent years.
477 citations
TL;DR: This review presents an overview of current research in the area of anisotropic nanomaterials in general and noble metal nanoparticles in particular, with an introduction to the advancements in this area followed by general aspects of the growth ofanisotropic nanoparticles.
Abstract: Comprehensive knowledge over the shape of nanomaterials is a critical factor in designing devices with desired functions. Due to this reason, systematic efforts have been made to synthesize materials of diverse shape in the nanoscale regime. Anisotropic nanomaterials are a class of materials in which their properties are direction-dependent and more than one structural parameter is needed to describe them. Their unique and fine-tuned physical and chemical properties make them ideal candidates for devising new applications. In addition, the assembly of ordered one-dimensional (1D), two-dimensional (2D), and three-dimensional (3D) arrays of anisotropic nanoparticles brings novel properties into the resulting system, which would be entirely different from the properties of individual nanoparticles. This review presents an overview of current research in the area of anisotropic nanomaterials in general and noble metal nanoparticles in particular. We begin with an introduction to the advancements in this area followed by general aspects of the growth of anisotropic nanoparticles. Then we describe several important synthetic protocols for making anisotropic nanomaterials, followed by a summary of their assemblies, and conclude with major applications. (Published: 16 February 2011) Citation: Nano Reviews 2011, 2 : 5883 - DOI: 10.3402/nano.v2i0.5883
384 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an attempt has been made to review different electroless alloy/composite coatings with respect to bath types and their composition, properties and applications, with emphasis on wear and corrosion properties.
Abstract: Since the inception of electroless coating by Brenner & Riddell in 1946, it has been the subject of research interest and, in the past two decades, emphasis has shifted to the studies of its properties and applications. The co-deposition of paniculate matter or substance within the growing film has led to a new generation of electroless composite coatings, many of which possess excellent wear and corrosion resistance. This valuable process can coat not only electrically conductive materials including graphite but also fabrics, insulators like plastics, rubber etc. The low coating rates with these can provide better reflectivity of plated surfaces and many more applications. Coatings can be tailored for desired properties by selecting the composition of the coating alloy/composite/metallic to suit specific requirements. The market for these coatings is expanding fast as the potential applications are on the rise. In the present article, an attempt has been made to review different electroless alloy/composite coatings with respect to bath types and their composition, properties and applications. Different characterisation studies have been conducted on various electroless nickel-based coatings with emphasis on wear and corrosion properties.
322 citations
Cites background from "Nickel plating on steel by chemical..."
...P (Brenner & Riddell 1946; Grahamet al1962, 1965; Henry 1984; Harris 1985; Bakonyiet al 1986; Agarwala 1987; Hushenget al 1991; Andreet al 1993; Paunovicet al 1995; Puchiet al 1997; Chittyet al 1997; Bozzini & Boniardi 1997; Bozzini et al 1999; Balaraju & Sheshadri 1999; Apachitei & Duszczyk 2000),…...
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...Electroless coating technology is credited mainly to Brenner & Riddell (1946)....
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...P coatings (Brenner & Riddell 1946, 1947; Henry 1984; Apachiteiet al 1998a)....
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TL;DR: In this article, a mechanism for the reactions in electroless plating solutions with different reducing agents is proposed based on the formation of atomic hydrogen during the oxidation of the reducing agents.
Abstract: A mechanism is proposed for the reactions in electroless plating solutions with different reducing agents. The mechanism is based on the formation of atomic hydrogen during the oxidation of the reducing agents. The hydrogen atoms can either be oxidized or be desorbed as a gas. The mechanism accounts for both the electrochemical and the catalytic nature of the process.
183 citations