Nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide: an indispensable combination for plant functioning.
TL;DR: A comprehensive review of the complex networks of these molecules, with particular emphasis on root development, stomatal movement, and plant cell death, was provided in this paper, where the authors showed that NO and H2S are involved in almost all plant physiological and stress-related processes.
About: This article is published in Trends in Plant Science.The article was published on 2021-08-18. It has received 57 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Gasotransmitters.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors summarized the progress in various physiological and molecular mechanisms regulated by melatonin in plants under Cadmium (Cd) stress and discussed the complex interactions between melatonin and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in acquisition of Cd stress tolerance.
Abstract: Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most injurious heavy metals, affecting plant growth and development. Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) was discovered in plants in 1995, and it is since known to act as a multifunctional molecule to alleviate abiotic and biotic stresses, especially Cd stress. Endogenously triggered or exogenously applied melatonin re-establishes the redox homeostasis by the improvement of the antioxidant defense system. It can also affect the Cd transportation and sequestration by regulating the transcripts of genes related to the major metal transport system, as well as the increase in glutathione (GSH) and phytochelatins (PCs). Melatonin activates several downstream signals, such as nitric oxide (NO), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and salicylic acid (SA), which are required for plant Cd tolerance. Similar to the physiological functions of NO, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is also involved in the abiotic stress-related processes in plants. Moreover, exogenous melatonin induces H2S generation in plants under salinity or heat stress. However, the involvement of H2S action in melatonin-induced Cd tolerance is still largely unknown. In this review, we summarize the progresses in various physiological and molecular mechanisms regulated by melatonin in plants under Cd stress. The complex interactions between melatonin and H2S in acquisition of Cd stress tolerance are also discussed.
31 citations
TL;DR: In this paper , the associative role of exogenous molybdenum and endogenous NO signaling in regulating AsV tolerance in wheat seedlings was highlighted, showing that Mo treatment stimulated the accumulation of endogenous NO in the presence of AsV stress.
20 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the associative role of exogenous molybdenum and endogenous NO signaling in regulating AsV tolerance in wheat seedlings was highlighted, which indicated that endogenous NO may accompany Mo-induced mitigation of AsV stress.
20 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a review summarizes the current knowledge within the mechanism of H2S and the above signal compounds in response to abiotic stresses in plants, including maintaining cellular redox homeostasis, exchanging metal ion transport, regulating stomatal aperture, and altering gene expression and enzyme activities.
Abstract: Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has recently been considered as a crucial gaseous transmitter occupying extensive roles in physiological and biochemical processes throughout the life of plant species. Furthermore, plenty of achievements have been announced regarding H2S working in combination with other signal molecules to mitigate environmental damage, such as nitric oxide (NO), abscisic acid (ABA), calcium ion (Ca2+), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), salicylic acid (SA), ethylene (ETH), jasmonic acid (JA), proline (Pro), and melatonin (MT). This review summarizes the current knowledge within the mechanism of H2S and the above signal compounds in response to abiotic stresses in plants, including maintaining cellular redox homeostasis, exchanging metal ion transport, regulating stomatal aperture, and altering gene expression and enzyme activities. The potential relationship between H2S and other signal transmitters is also proposed and discussed.
17 citations
TL;DR: This review provides a comprehensive outline of the relevance of hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide, and melatonin in the fruit ripening process and the complex network of the known interactions among them.
Abstract: Melatonin is an antioxidant with signaling properties that is especially relevant to fruit ripening. Melatonin crosstalk with NO and H2O2broadens the regulatory networks of these molecules.
16 citations
References
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University of Paris-Sud1, French Institute of Health and Medical Research2, Institut Gustave Roussy3, Ghent University4, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center5, Thomas Jefferson University6, University of Massachusetts Medical School7, University of Pennsylvania8, Centre national de la recherche scientifique9, University of Zurich10, University College London11, Salk Institute for Biological Studies12, University of California, San Diego13, Discovery Institute14, Istituto Superiore di Sanità15, University of Michigan16, University of Chicago17, University of Lausanne18, Harvard University19, University of Rome Tor Vergata20, Karolinska Institutet21, University of Leicester22
TL;DR: This study details the 2009 recommendations of the NCCD on the use of cell death-related terminology including ‘entosis’, ‘mitotic catastrophe”,’ ‘necrosis‚ ‘necroptosis‚’ and ‘pyroptotic’.
Abstract: Different types of cell death are often defined by morphological criteria, without a clear reference to precise biochemical mechanisms. The Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death (NCCD) proposes unified criteria for the definition of cell death and of its different morphologies, while formulating several caveats against the misuse of words and concepts that slow down progress in the area of cell death research. Authors, reviewers and editors of scientific periodicals are invited to abandon expressions like 'percentage apoptosis' and to replace them with more accurate descriptions of the biochemical and cellular parameters that are actually measured. Moreover, at the present stage, it should be accepted that caspase-independent mechanisms can cooperate with (or substitute for) caspases in the execution of lethal signaling pathways and that 'autophagic cell death' is a type of cell death occurring together with (but not necessarily by) autophagic vacuolization. This study details the 2009 recommendations of the NCCD on the use of cell death-related terminology including 'entosis', 'mitotic catastrophe', 'necrosis', 'necroptosis' and 'pyroptosis'.
3,005 citations
TL;DR: A simple scheme to realize ultracompact rejection ratio tunable notch microwave photonic filter (MPF) based on a silicon photonic crystal (PhC) nanocavity with fixed extinction ratio is proposed and experimentally demonstrated.
Abstract: Driven by the increasing demand on handing microwave signals with compact device, low power consumption, high efficiency and high reliability, it is highly desired to generate, distribute, and process microwave signals using photonic integrated circuits. Silicon photonics offers a promising platform facilitating ultracompact microwave photonic signal processing assisted by silicon nanophotonic devices. In this paper, we propose, theoretically analyze and experimentally demonstrate a simple scheme to realize ultracompact rejection ratio tunable notch microwave photonic filter (MPF) based on a silicon photonic crystal (PhC) nanocavity with fixed extinction ratio. Using a conventional modulation scheme with only a single phase modulator (PM), the rejection ratio of the presented MPF can be tuned from about 10 dB to beyond 60 dB. Moreover, the central frequency tunable operation in the high rejection ratio region is also demonstrated in the experiment.
845 citations
TL;DR: Interfering with sequence-embedded polarity signals directly demonstrates that PIN polarity is a primary factor in determining the direction of auxin flow in meristematic tissues.
Abstract: Polar flow of the phytohormone auxin requires plasma membrane-associated PIN proteins and underlies multiple developmental processes in plants. Here we address the importance of the polarity of subcellular PIN localization for the directionality of auxin transport in Arabidopsis thaliana. Expression of different PINs in the root epidermis revealed the importance of PIN polar positions for directional auxin flow and root gravitropic growth. Interfering with sequence-embedded polarity signals directly demonstrates that PIN polarity is a primary factor in determining the direction of auxin flow in meristematic tissues. This finding provides a crucial piece in the puzzle of how auxin flow can be redirected via rapid changes in PIN polarity.
844 citations
TL;DR: The biologically relevant chemistry of H2S and the enzymatic routes for its production and oxidation are discussed and the roles ascribed to protein persulfidation in cell signaling pathways are discussed.
Abstract: Signaling by H2S is proposed to occur via persulfidation, a posttranslational modification of cysteine residues (RSH) to persulfides (RSSH). Persulfidation provides a framework for understanding the physiological and pharmacological effects of H2S. Due to the inherent instability of persulfides, their chemistry is understudied. In this review, we discuss the biologically relevant chemistry of H2S and the enzymatic routes for its production and oxidation. We cover the chemical biology of persulfides and the chemical probes for detecting them. We conclude by discussing the roles ascribed to protein persulfidation in cell signaling pathways.
590 citations
TL;DR: Stomatal closure in response to the hormone abscisic acid (ABA) is mediated by a complex signaling network involving both calcium-dependent and calcium-independent pathways and activated by several signaling intermediates.
Abstract: Stomatal closure in response to the hormone abscisic acid (ABA) is mediated by a complex signaling network involving both calcium-dependent and calcium-independent pathways ([Assmann and Shimazaki, 1999][1]; [Webb et al., 2001][2]), activated by several signaling intermediates ([Schroeder et al.,
546 citations