Noise emitted from road, rail and air traffic and their effects on sleep
TL;DR: The equivalent noise level seems to be a suitable predictor for subjectively evaluated sleep quality but not for physiological sleep disturbances, where physiological sleep parameters were most severely affected by rail noise.
About: This article is published in Journal of Sound and Vibration.The article was published on 2006-08-08. It has received 180 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Noise & Aircraft noise.
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TL;DR: In this article, the effects of different noise combinations on sleep were assessed in two contexts, with a single noise source and with combined noise sources, and the results showed that the combined noises sources including construction noise decreased the number of participants who fell asleep within an hour and increased the number that were awakened prematurely.
20 citations
TL;DR: A systematic review of research findings on sleep disturbances in ICEs is presented, looking for evidence from studies run in polar settings during space missions, Head-Down Bed-Rest protocols, simulations, and in a few ICE-resembling settings such as caves and submarines.
Abstract: The recently renewed focus on the human exploration of outer space has boosted the interest toward a variety of questions regarding health of astronauts and cosmonauts. Among the others, sleep has traditionally been considered a central issue. To extend the research chances, human sleep alterations have been investigated in several analog environments, called ICEs (Isolated, Confined, and Extreme). ICEs share different features with the spaceflight itself and have been implemented in natural facilities and artificial simulations. The current paper presents a systematic review of research findings on sleep disturbances in ICEs. We looked for evidence from studies run in polar settings (mostly Antarctica) during space missions, Head-Down Bed-Rest protocols, simulations, and in a few ICE-resembling settings such as caves and submarines. Even though research has shown that sleep can be widely affected in ICEs, mostly evidencing general and non-specific changes in REM and SWS sleep, results show a very blurred picture, often with contradictory findings. The variable coexistence of the many factors characterizing the ICE environments (such as isolation and confinement, microgravity, circadian disentrainment, hypoxia, noise levels, and radiations) does not provide a clear indication of what role is played by each factor per se or in association one with each other in determining the pattern observed, and how. Most importantly, a number of methodological limitations contribute immensely to the unclear pattern of results reported in the literature. Among them, small sample sizes, small effect sizes, and large variability among experimental conditions, protocols, and measurements make it difficult to draw hints about whether sleep alterations in ICEs do exist due to the specific environmental characteristics, and which of them plays a major role. More systematic and cross-settings research is needed to address the mechanisms underlying the sleep alterations in ICE environments and possibly develop appropriate countermeasures to be used during long-term space missions.
20 citations
TL;DR: It is hypothesized that the effect of human activity on spinner dolphin acoustic behavior should be explored in future studies, and the results have implications for designing future studies as well as for ongoing efforts to protect Hawaiian spinner dolphins in their resting bays.
19 citations
Cites methods from "Noise emitted from road, rail and a..."
...Thiswas calculated in the same manner as Hatch and Fristrup (2009)....
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TL;DR: Combined exposure to multiple traffic noise sources did not induce stronger impairments than a single noise source, and this was reflected also in low workload ratings.
Abstract: Various studies indicate that at the same noise level and during the daytime, annoyance increases in the order of rail, road, and aircraft noise. The present study investigates if the same ranking can be found for annoyance to nocturnal exposure and next day cognitive performance. Annoyance ratings and performance change during combined noise exposure were also tested. In the laboratory 72 participants were exposed to air, road, or rail traffic noise and all combinations. The number of noise events and LAS,eq were kept constant. Each morning noise annoyance questionnaires and performance tasks were administered. Aircraft noise annoyance ranked first followed by railway and road noise. A possible explanation is the longer duration of aircraft noise events used in this study compared to road and railway noise events. In contrast to road and rail traffic, aircraft noise annoyance was higher after nights with combined exposure. Pooled noise exposure data showed small but significant impairments in reaction times (6 ms) compared to nights without noise. The noise sources did not have a differential impact on performance. Combined exposure to multiple traffic noise sources did not induce stronger impairments than a single noise source. This was reflected also in low workload ratings.
18 citations
Cites background from "Noise emitted from road, rail and a..."
...Recommended dose-response curves for transportation noises—road, rail, and air traffic— for annoyed individuals (50...
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...Griefahn et al. (2006) compared the effects of road, rail, and aircraft noise and tested the suitability of the equivalent sound level for the evaluation of sleep disturbances....
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors focused on the relationship between normal variations of sleep and inhibitory functions as reflected in event-related potentials, and concluded that poor sleep specifically affects the intensity of pre-motor inhibitory processes (Nogo-N2 amplitude), the speed to inhibit a motor response (nogo-P3 latency), and intensity of task-relevant information processing (Go-P 3 amplitude).
Abstract: The present study focused on the relationship between normal variations of sleep and inhibitory functions as reflected in event-related potentials. For this reason one night of 21 healthy participants was analysed. After waking up all participants completed a visual Go/Nogo task. On the basis of a sleep disturbance index (SDI) the participants were separated into 8 SDI-good and 13 SDI-poor sleepers using a cluster analysis. The results showed that Nogo-N2 amplitude was smaller and Nogo-P3 latency longer in SDI-poor sleepers. Moreover, Go-P3 amplitude was smaller in SDI-poor sleepers. Performance parameters were not influenced by poor sleep. We concluded that poor sleep specifically affects the intensity of pre-motor inhibitory processes (Nogo-N2 amplitude), the speed to inhibit a motor response (Nogo-P3 latency) and the intensity of task-relevant information processing (Go-P3 amplitude). In further studies, it should be explored under which conditions such subliminal deficits also become relevant for overt behaviour.
18 citations
Cites methods from "Noise emitted from road, rail and a..."
...For our analysis we only selected the quiet night of the Wrst week (further results see Griefahn et al. 2006; Marks and Griefahn 2005)....
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References
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Book•
01 Jan 1968
11,993 citations
TL;DR: Techniques of recording, scoring, and doubtful records are carefully considered, and Recommendations for abbreviations, types of pictorial representation, order of polygraphic tracings are suggested.
Abstract: With the vast research interest in sleep and dreams that has developed in the past 15 years, there is increasing evidence of noncomparibility of scoring of nocturnal electroencephalograph-electroculograph records from different laboratories. In 1967 a special session on scoring criteria was held at the seventh annual meeting of the Association for the Psychophysiological Study of Sleep. Under the auspices of the UCLA Brain Information, an ad hoc committee composed of some of the most active current researchers was formed in 1967 to develop a terminology and scoring system for universal use. It is the results of the labors of this group that is now published under the imprimatur of the National Institutes of Health. The presentation is beautifully clear. Techniques of recording, scoring, and doubtful records are carefully considered. Recommendations for abbreviations, types of pictorial representation, order of polygraphic tracings are suggested.
8,001 citations
01 Jan 2006
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present technical prescriptions concerning the design and construction of agricultural or forestry tractors, as regards the rollover protection structures, as well as the approximation of the laws of the Member States to enable the EC typeapproval procedure provided for in Directive 2003/37/EC to be applied in respect of each type of tractor.
Abstract: (2) Directive 77/536/EEC is one of the separate Directives of the EC type-approval system provided for in Council Directive 74/150/EEC of 4 March 1974 on the approxi mation of the laws of the Member States relating to the type-approval of wheeled agricultural or forestry tractors, as replaced by Directive 2003/37/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 May 2003 on type-approval of agricultural or forestry tractors, their trailers and interchangeable towed machinery, together with their systems, components and separate technical units ( 5 ), and lays down technical prescriptions concerning the design and construction of agricultural or forestry tractors, as regards the roll-over protection structures. Those technical prescriptions concern the approximation of the laws of the Member States to enable the EC type-approval procedure provided for in Directive 2003/37/EC to be applied in respect of each type of tractor. Consequently the provisions laid down in Directive 2003/37/EC relating to agricultural and forestry tractors, their trailers and interchangeable towed machinery, together with their systems, components and separate technical units, apply to this Directive.
1,441 citations
TL;DR: Better estimates of the confidence intervals due to the improved model of the relationship between annoyance and noise exposure are provided, which is easier to use for practical calculations than the model itself.
Abstract: We present a model of the distribution of noise annoyance with the mean varying as a function of the noise exposure. Day-night level (DNL) and day-evening-night level (DENL) were used as noise descriptors. Because the entire annoyace distribution has been modeled, any annoyance measure that summarizes this distribution can be calculated from the model. We fitted the model to data from noise annoyance studies for aircraft, road traffic, and railways separately. Polynomial approximations of relationships implied by the model for the combinations of the following exposure and annoyance measures are presented: DNL or DENL, and percentage "highly annoyed" (cutoff at 72 on a scale of 0-100), percentage "annoyed" (cutoff at 50 on a scale of 0-100), or percentage (at least) "a little annoyed" (cutoff at 28 on a scale of 0-100). These approximations are very good, and they are easier to use for practical calculations than the model itself, because the model involves a normal distribution. Our results are based on the same data set that was used earlier to establish relationships between DNL and percentage highly annoyed. In this paper we provide better estimates of the confidence intervals due to the improved model of the relationship between annoyance and noise exposure. Moreover, relationships using descriptors other than DNL and percentage highly annoyed, which are presented here, have not been established earlier on the basis of a large dataset.
795 citations
"Noise emitted from road, rail and a..." refers background in this paper
...But the underlying concept of energy equivalence is debated, at least in view of a meta-analysis which, based on 55 social surveys with overall about 58 000 interviews, has clearly shown that aircraft annoys most and rail noise the least, whereas road traffic noise has an intermediate position [2,3]....
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...This ‘bonus’ bases on extended social surveys whereafter aircraft noise annoys most and rail noise the least, which was most clearly shown by the meta-analysis performed by Miedema and co-workers [2,3]....
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...Type of traffic noise The hypothesis adopted for this study bases firstly on the replicated observation that man responds more likely to meaningful than to neutral noises even during sleep [7,8] and secondly on a meta-analysis according to which aircraft noise annoys most and rail noise the least [2,3]....
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01 Jan 1968
734 citations
"Noise emitted from road, rail and a..." refers methods in this paper
...So, this study relied on the polysomnogram which was recorded and evaluated according to internationally accepted criteria [9]....
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...Polysomnogram The polysomnogram (2 EEG, 2 EOG, 1 EMG) was continuously recorded throughout the nights and evaluated according to international recommendations [9]....
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