Non-genetic factors affecting birth and weaning weight in Angus calves
01 Jun 2011-Vol. 29, Iss: 2, pp 151-160
TL;DR: In this article, the influence of some non-genetic factors on birth and weaning weight corrected to 205 d (WWA) of Angus calves, 1,999 and 1,574 weights were analyzed.
Abstract: To determine the influence of some non-genetic factors on birth (BW)
and weaning weight corrected to 205 d (WWA) of Angus calves, 1,999 and
1,574 weights were analyzed. All the animals were grazing and they were
vaccinated against enzootic every six months. The data was analyzed
using an analysis of variance under least squares methodology and the
statistical model included: year of birth (YB = 1991-2007), season of
birth (SB = Cold, Dry and Rainy), parity number (PN = 1, 2, 3,…
≤9 calving) and sex (SX = Males and Females) and the interactions
YB x SB, YB x PN and YB x SX. All effects and the interactions affected
BW and WWA (P <0,01). The means and standard deviation were 36.2
± 2.6 and 186.8 ± 30.0 kg, respectively. The differences
between the best years (2007) and worse year (1991) to BW was 1.1 kg.
Cows of 1, 2 and ≤9 calving had calves less heavy. Male calves
weighted more than female to birth and weaning. The interactions that
involved YB indicate that the direction and magnitude of the effects
are not constant within every year. The interaction YB x SB, YB x PN
and YB x SX were important on WWA without being possible to define some
tendency or magnitude. All the environmental effect studied was
important.
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TL;DR: The objective of this study was to determine the productive performance in body weight change from birth to weaning, of calves simmental and their crosses with brahman in a beef cattle in the south of Tamaulipas, Mexico.
Abstract: Resumen El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar el comportamiento productivo del nacimiento al destete de terneros simmental y sus cruzas con brahman en un rebano productor de carne en el sur de Tamaulipas, Mexico. Se analizaron los registros de los anos 1994 a 2005, peso al nacimiento (PN, n = 947), peso al destete ajustado a 205 dias (PD205, n = 802), y ganancia diaria predestete (GDP, n = 802), utilizando el metodo de minimos cuadrados para determinar los efectos de grupo racial (GR), ano (AP) y epoca (EP) de parto, numero de parto (NP), sexo de la cria (SX), y las interacciones de primer orden sobre PN; mientras que para GDP y PD205 se considero ademas el PN como covariable. Las medias generales para PN, GDP y PD205 fueron 35.2 ± 6.7, 0.774 ± 0.175 y 194.3 ± 37.3 kg, respectivamente. El GR afecto significativamente (p 0.05) en ninguna de las variables de respuesta. Palabras clave: comportamiento pre-destete, terneros simmental. Summary The objective of this study was to determine the productive performance in body weight change from birth to weaning, of calves simmental and their crosses with brahman in a beef cattle in the south of Tamaulipas, Mexico. Data were analyzed from 1994 to 2005 years (birth weight BW, n = 947; weaning weight adjusted to 205 days WW205, n = 802; and pre-weaning daily gain weight DGW, n = 802) using the method of minimum square to determine the effects of breed group (BG), year (YC), and season (SC) calving, parity number of cow (PC), and sex of calves (SX); and the interaction of first order on the variables of BW, DGW and WW205. In DGW and WW205 were considered the covariable of BW. The averages for BW, DGW and WW205 were 35.2 ± 6.7, 0.774 ± 0.175 and 194.3 ± 37.3 kg, respectively. The BG was affected (p 0.05) on anyone's variables. Key words: pre weaning traits, simmental calves. Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a eficiencia produtiva do nascimento de bezerros na desmama Simental e seus cruzamentos com Brahman, em um rebanho produtor de carne de bovino no sul do Tamaulipas, Mexico. Foram analisados os registros dos anos de 1994 a 2005, peso ao nascer (PN, n = 947), desmame peso ajustado para 205 dias (PD205, n = 802), eo ganho diario predestete (PIB n = 802), utilizando o metodo dos minimos quadrados para determinar os efeitos de grupo racial (GR), ano (PA) e tempo (EP) de nascimento, numero de partos (NP), o sexo de criacao (SX) e as interacoes de primeira ordem em PN, enquanto que para o PIB e PD205 tambem e considerado como o PN covariable. e as interacoes de primeira ordem em PN, enquanto que para o PIB e PD205 tambem e considerado como o PN covariable. O CR afetados significativamente (p 0.05) em nenhuma das variaveis resposta. Palavras chave: bezerros simental, comportamento pre-desmame.
6 citations
References
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TL;DR: Concentrations of IGF-I and leptin in plasma were constant during 7 wk before the first estrus, indicating that acute changes in these hormones are not associated with the resumption of ovarian function in primiparous beef cows.
Abstract: The influences of body condition score (BCS) at calving and postpartum nutrition on endocrine and ovarian functions, and reproductive performance, were determined by randomly allocating thin (mean BCS = 4.4 +/- 0.1) or moderate condition (mean BCS = 5.1 +/- 0.1) Angus x Hereford primiparous cows to receive one of two nutritional treatments after calving. Cows were fed to gain either 0.45 kg/d (M, n = 17) or 0.90 kg/d (H, n = 17) for the first 71 +/- 3 d postpartum. All cows were then fed the M diet until 21 d after the first estrus. A replication (yr 2; M, n = 25; H, n = 23) was also used to evaluate reproductive characteristics. Concentrations of IGF-I, leptin, insulin, glucose, NEFA, and thyroxine were quantified in plasma samples collected weekly during treatment and during 7 wk before the first estrus. Estrous behavior was detected by radiotelemetry, and luteal activity was determined based on concentrations of progesterone in plasma. All cows were bred by AI between 14 and 20 h after onset of estrus, and pregnancy was assessed at 35 to 55 d after AI by ultrasonography. Cows that calved with a BCS of 4 or 5 had similar endocrine function and reproductive performance at the first estrus. During treatment, H cows gained BW and increased BCS (P < 0.01), and had greater (P < 0.05) concentrations of IGF-I, leptin, insulin, glucose, and thyroxine in plasma than M cows. However, during the 7 wk before the first estrus, plasma concentrations of IGF-I, leptin, insulin, glucose, NEFA, and thyroxine were not affected by time. Cows previously on the H treatment had a shorter (P < 0.01) interval to first postpartum estrus and ovulation, and a larger dominant follicle (P < 0.01) at first estrus, than M cows, but duration of estrus and the number of mounts received were not influenced by nutrient intake. Pregnancy rate at the first estrus was greater (P < 0.03) for H (76%, n = 38) than for M (58%, n = 33) cows. Increased nutrient intake after calving stimulated secretion of anabolic hormones, promoted fat deposition, shortened the postpartum interval to estrus, and increased pregnancy rate at the first estrus. Concentrations of IGF-I and leptin in plasma were constant during 7 wk before the first estrus, indicating that acute changes in these hormones are not associated with the resumption of ovarian function in primiparous beef cows.
234 citations
"Non-genetic factors affecting birth..." refers background in this paper
...De igual forma, Ciccioli et al. (2003) reportaron un PN promedio de 33,6 ± 1,2 kg para ganado Angus x Hereford explotado en Oklahoma, E.U. Cienfuegos et al. (2006) encontraron una media 37,7 ± 6,1 kg. Estos autores señalaron que los terneros hijos de toros Angus fueron los más livianos....
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...El PD corregido a la edad de 205 días (PDA), observado en los terneros del presente estudio fue superior al reportado por Revidatti et al. (2000) para terneros Angus en Argentina y por Ciccioli et al. (2003) en Oklahoma, E.U., respectivamente....
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TL;DR: Birth weight and calving difficulty were analyzed with Bayesian methodology using univariate linear models, a bivariate linear model, a threshold model for calving difficulties, and a joint threshold-linear model using a probit approach.
Abstract: Birth weight and calving difficulty were analyzed with Bayesian methodology using univariate linear models, a bivariate linear model, a threshold model for calving difficulty, and a joint threshold-linear model using a probit approach. Field data included 26,006 records of Gelbvieh cattle. Simulated populations were generated using parameters estimated from the field data. The Gibbs sampler was used to obtain estimates of the marginal posterior mean and standard deviation of the (co)variance components, heritabilities, and correlations. In the univariate analyses, the posterior mean of direct heritability for calving difficulty was .23 with the threshold model and .18 with the linear model. Maternal heritabilities were .10 and .08, respectively. In the bivariate analysis, posterior means of direct heritability for calving difficulty were .21 and .18 for the bivariate linear-threshold and linear-linear model, respectively. Maternal heritabilities were .09 and .06, respectively. Direct heritability for birth weight was .25 for the univariate model and .26 for bivariate models. Maternal heritability was .05 for the linear-threshold model and the univariate model and .06 for the bivariate linear model. Genetic correlation between direct genetic effects in both traits was .81 for the linear-threshold model and .79 for the bivariate linear. Residual correlation was .35 for the bivariate linear model and .50 for the bivariate linear-threshold. A simulation study confirmed that the posterior mean of the marginal distribution was suitable as a point estimate for univariate threshold and bivariate linear-threshold models.
90 citations
TL;DR: Heritabilities and genetic and environmental correlations were calculated from the appropriate (co)variances and phenotypic correlations were computed and heritability estimates for BWT, WW, YG, YW, YH, RGW, RGY, and MW were .52, respectively.
Abstract: Variances and covariances were estimated for birth weight (BWT), weaning weight (WW), yearling gain (YG), yearling weight (YW), yearling height (YH), relative growth from birth to weaning (RGW) and weaning to yearling (RGY), and mature weight (MW). Field records on 572,446 Polled Hereford cattle were analyzed. Because multiple dam weights were collected on a cow the MW used in the analysis was calculated using a nonlinear regression correction factor computed by fitting a quadratic with a plateau to the data. If the cow had an observation(s) beyond the inflection point (IP), the closest weight to that point was used. If the cow only had observation(s) before the IP the closest weight to that point was nonlinearly adjusted to the plateau. The IP for this data set was 1,506 d and the plateau was 554.7 kg. Heritabilities and genetic and environmental correlations were calculated from the appropriate (co)variances and phenotypic correlations were computed. Heritability estimates for BWT, WW, YG, YW, YH, RGW, RGY, and MW were .49, .24, .23, .30, .59, .24, .15, and .52, respectively. Genetic correlations between MW with BWT, WW, YG, YW, YH, RGW, and RGY were .64, .80, .76, .89, .73, -.29, and .35, respectively, environmental correlations were .15, .43, .05, .40, 1.03, .32, and -.10, respectively, and phenotypic correlations were .33, .32, .28, .46, .70, .00, and .07, respectively.
87 citations
"Non-genetic factors affecting birth..." refers background in this paper
...Al respecto, Bullock et al. (1993) señalaron que las correlaciones genéticas entre el PN y PD con el peso maduro fueron de 0,64 y 0,80, respectivamente....
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TL;DR: The data indicate that, in the subtropics, maternal and reproductive performance of Tuli x Angus cows, but not Senepol x Angus dairy cows, was comparable to Brahman x Angus cattle, except for lower calf survivability and weaning weight.
Abstract: To determine the maternal and reproductive performance of F1 cows in the subtropics, 42 Brahman x Angus, 34 Senepol x Angus, and 50 Tuli x Angus cows were bred to Angus bulls to calve first and subsequently bred to Charolais bulls to calve as 3- to 8-yr-olds. Age at first calving did not differ among crossbred cows. Angus-sired calf birth weights were heavier (P < 0.01) from Senepol x Angus than either Brahman x Angus or Tuli x Angus cows. Weaning weights of Angus-sired calves were heavier (P < 0.01) from Brahman x Angus (213.5 kg) than either Senepol x Angus (194.9 kg) or Tuli x Angus (191.5 kg) cows. As 3- to 8-yr-old cows, calf birth weights were heavier (P < 0.05) from Senepol x Angus compared with Brahman x Angus but not Tuli x Angus cows. Weaning weights of Charolais-sired calves were heaviest (P < 0.05) from Brahman x Angus cows (268.9 kg), lightest from Tuli x Angus cows (233.4 kg), and intermediate from Senepol x Angus cows (245.0 kg). Calf crop born and calf crop weaned were lowest (P < 0.05) for Senepol x Angus cows (76.9 and 70.2%) and did not differ between Brahman x Angus (89.0 and 86.1%) and Tuli x Angus (94.7 and 86.5%) cows. Tuli x Angus cows tended (P < 0.10) to have a lower percentage of unassisted births and lower (P < 0.10) calf survival to weaning than Brahman x Angus cows but not Senepol x Angus cows. As 3- to 8-yr-olds, weaning weight per cow exposed was greatest (P < 0.05) for Brahman x Angus (234.2 kg), least (P < 0.05) for Senepol x Angus (173.0 kg), and intermediate (P < 0.05) for Tuli x Angus (209.1 kg) cows. Also as 3- to 8-yr-olds, efficiency (205-d calf weight per 100 kg of cow exposed) was similar for Brahman x Angus (42.2) and Tuli x Angus cows (40.7), and both were greater (P < 0.01) than for Senepol x Angus cows (33.8). These data indicate that, in the subtropics, maternal and reproductive performance of Tuli x Angus cows, but not Senepol x Angus cows, was comparable to Brahman x Angus cows, except for lower calf survivability and weaning weight.
25 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The objective of this research was to estimate genetic trends for weights at birth, weaning, yearling, and yearling at 18 months old and at 18 mont...
Abstract: The objective of this research was to estimate genetic trends for weights at birth (BW, n=1523), weaning (WW, n=1522), yearling (YW, n=1523) and at 18 mont...
13 citations
"Non-genetic factors affecting birth..." refers background in this paper
...Sin embargo, Domínguez et al. (2003), Ramírez et al. (2007); Cienfuegos et al. (2006) y Chase et al. (2004) encontraron PDA superiores a los del presente estudio....
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...Al igual que en la literatura (Ramírez et al., 2007; Cienfuegos et al., 2006; Domínguez et al., 2003; Martínez et al., 1998), los machos superaron a las hembras en el PN como resultado de las hormonas androgénicas, en particular la testosterona....
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...El resultado encontrado en este estudio concuerda con los publicados en la literatura (Cienfuegos et al., 2006; Domínguez et al., 2003)....
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...Diversos autores (Martínez et al., 2008; Ramírez et al., 2007; Cienfuegos et al., 2006; Domínguez et al., 2003), mencionaron que el AN afectó de manera significativa el PN. Estos efectos pudieron ser el resultado de las diferentes condiciones ambientales que se presentaron durante los años de…...
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...El SX afectó el PDA, resultado que está de acuerdo con lo mencionado en la literatura (Ramírez et al., 2007; Cienfuegos et al., 2006; Chase et al., 2004; Domínguez et al., 2003; Mendonça et al., 2003)....
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