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Journal ArticleDOI

Noncooperative Cellular Wireless with Unlimited Numbers of Base Station Antennas

Thomas L. Marzetta
- 01 Nov 2010 - 
- Vol. 9, Iss: 11, pp 3590-3600
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TLDR
A cellular base station serves a multiplicity of single-antenna terminals over the same time-frequency interval and a complete multi-cellular analysis yields a number of mathematically exact conclusions and points to a desirable direction towards which cellular wireless could evolve.
Abstract
A cellular base station serves a multiplicity of single-antenna terminals over the same time-frequency interval. Time-division duplex operation combined with reverse-link pilots enables the base station to estimate the reciprocal forward- and reverse-link channels. The conjugate-transpose of the channel estimates are used as a linear precoder and combiner respectively on the forward and reverse links. Propagation, unknown to both terminals and base station, comprises fast fading, log-normal shadow fading, and geometric attenuation. In the limit of an infinite number of antennas a complete multi-cellular analysis, which accounts for inter-cellular interference and the overhead and errors associated with channel-state information, yields a number of mathematically exact conclusions and points to a desirable direction towards which cellular wireless could evolve. In particular the effects of uncorrelated noise and fast fading vanish, throughput and the number of terminals are independent of the size of the cells, spectral efficiency is independent of bandwidth, and the required transmitted energy per bit vanishes. The only remaining impairment is inter-cellular interference caused by re-use of the pilot sequences in other cells (pilot contamination) which does not vanish with unlimited number of antennas.

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Citations
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Transmit Antenna Selection Schemes for Spatial Modulation Systems: Search Complexity Reduction and Large-Scale MIMO Applications

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Data Detection in Large Multi-Antenna Wireless Systems via Approximate Semidefinite Relaxation

TL;DR: Triangular Approximate SEmidefinite Relaxation (TASER) as discussed by the authors relaxes the associated maximum-likelihood (ML) data detection problems into a semidefininite program, which is solved approximately using a preconditioned forward-backward splitting procedure.

Hardware Efficient Approximative Matrix Inversion for Linear Pre-Coding in Massive MIMO

TL;DR: A hardware efficient linear precoder for Massive MIMO Base Stations comprising a very large number of antennas, say, in the order of 100s, serving multiple users simultaneously is described and a method to speed-up the convergence of the Neumann series by using tri-diagonal precondition matrices is proposed, which lowers the complexity even further.
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