Noncooperative Cellular Wireless with Unlimited Numbers of Base Station Antennas
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7,139 citations
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...• An excellent pairing for MIMO, since OFDM allows for the spatial interference from multiantenna transmission to be dealt with at a subcarrier level, without the added complication of intersymbol interference....
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6,184 citations
Cites background from "Noncooperative Cellular Wireless wi..."
...In [13], for a typical operating scenario, the maximum number of orthogonal pilot sequences in a one millisecond coherence interval is estimated to be about 200....
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...Pilot contamination as a basic phenomenon is not really specific to massive MIMO, but its effect on massive MIMO appears to be much more profound than in classical MIMO [13,14]....
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...This directed interference grows with the number of service-antennas at the same rate as the desired signal [13]....
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5,158 citations
Cites background from "Noncooperative Cellular Wireless wi..."
...Our emphasis on TDD rather than FDD is driven by the need to acquire channel state-information between extreme numbers of service antennas and much smaller numbers of terminals....
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...For example, 11 directive antennas pointing in distinct directions tend toexperience a lower correlation than nondirective antennas, since each of these directive antennas“see” signals arriving from a distinct angular sector....
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References
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"Noncooperative Cellular Wireless wi..." refers background in this paper
...Section VII discusses the ramifications of our results....
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"Noncooperative Cellular Wireless wi..." refers background in this paper
...A new phenomenon emerges which was not encountered in the single-cell scenario of [7]: pilot contamination [ 9 ]....
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"Noncooperative Cellular Wireless wi..." refers background in this paper
...An alternative FDD scheme would depend on the correctness of the untested conjecture that the forward- and reversechannels of an FDD system, although statistically independent, have similar spatial eigenvalues when corrected for wavelength differences [21], [22]....
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