Nonlinear Analysis of Mixed Steel-Concrete Frames. I: Element Formulation
01 Jun 2001-Journal of Structural Engineering-asce (American Society of Civil Engineers)-Vol. 127, Iss: 6, pp 647-655
TL;DR: In this article, a beam-column element for simulating the inelastic behavior of 3D mixed frame structures comprised of steel, reinforced concrete, and/or composite members is presented.
Abstract: A beam-column element for simulating the inelastic behavior of 3D mixed frame structures comprised of steel, reinforced concrete, and/or composite members is presented. The formulation makes use of the flexibility method for deriving the element stiffness equations. A stress-resultant bounding surface plasticity model provides the sectional properties, which are then integrated along the length to generate the stiffness matrices. For steel members, the plasticity model is based on two nested surfaces, whereas for composite and reinforced concrete members the inner loading surface is degenerated to a point. Stiffness degradation of reinforced concrete and composite members is incorporated as a function of dissipated strain energy. Implementation and verification of the models for static and dynamic time-history analyses of mixed steel-concrete space frames are presented in a companion paper.
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TL;DR: The current state of the art of nonlinear analysis of steel-concrete composite structures can be found in this paper, where the focus is on frame elements, which are computationally faster than continuum finite element models.
Abstract: This paper presents the current state of the art of nonlinear analysis of steel-concrete composite structures The focus is on frame elements, which are computationally faster than continuum finite element models First, section models are presented, with a review of resultant and fiber models and a discussion of possible practical applications The presentation of frame elements follows Models with lumped and distributed inelasticity, as well as models with perfect and partial connections are covered Rigid and partially restrained joints are then reviewed and discussed at length A discussion of the analysis of structural walls completes the presentation of the models Modeling applications to the analysis of composite frames are also presented This state-of-the-art review focuses on developments that have stemmed from the recently completed National Science Foundation sponsored US-Japan program on composite and hybrid structures
233 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed finite elements for thin Euler-Bernoulli beams that incorporate softening hinges observed at failure, based on the identification of the classical notion of inelastic hinge with strong discontinuities of the generalized displacements describing the beam deformation.
95 citations
TL;DR: A review of the state of the art in seismic modeling, analysis, and design of hybrid coupled wall (HCW) systems can be found in this paper, where a discussion of alterative types of hybrid wall systems is provided.
Abstract: Hybrid coupled walls (HCWs) are comprised of two or more reinforced concrete wall piers connected with steel coupling beams distributed over the height of the structure. Extensive research over the past several decades suggests that such systems are particularly well suited for use in regions of moderate to high seismic risk. This paper reviews the state of the art in seismic modeling, analysis, and design of HCW systems. Design methodologies are presented in both prescriptive and performance-based design formats and a discussion of alterative types of hybrid wall systems is provided.
95 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, nonlinear pushover and transient analyses of 4-, 8-, and 16-story frames with RBS connections are conducted with the objective of developing a better understanding of RBS frame behavior and exercising as well as critiquing the recently published FEMA-350 design specifications.
71 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a beam-column element that can accurately model the inelastic cyclic behavior of steel braces is presented, where a bounding surface plasticity model in stress-resultant space coupled with a backward Euler algorithm is used to keep track of spread of plasticity through the cross section.
Abstract: A beam--column element that can accurately model the inelastic cyclic behavior of steel braces is presented. A bounding surface plasticity model in stress-resultant space coupled with a backward Euler algorithm is used to keep track of spread of plasticity through the cross section. Deterioration of cross-section stiffness due to local buckling is accounted for by a damage model. The proposed formulation has been implemented in a large deformation analysis program and is shown to be capable of predicting with accuracy the experimentally observed inelastic behavior of a variety of members subjected to reversed cyclic loading and a subassemblage under simulated seismic conditions.
61 citations
References
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TL;DR: In this paper, a model of workhardening is proposed which generalizes the known rules of isotropic and kinematic work-hardening by introducing the concept of a "Field of Workhardening moduli".
Abstract: A model of workhardening is proposed which generalizes the known rules of isotropic and kinematic workhardening by introducing the concept of a ‘field of workhardening moduli.’ This field is defined by a configuration of surfaces of constant workhardening moduli in the stress space. For any loading history the instantaneous configuration can be determined by calculating the translation and expansion or contraction of all surfaces; the material behaviour can thus be determined for complex loading paths, in particular for cyclic loadings. Several examples for a plane stress state are presented.
1,242 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a model for predicting the dynamic response of a reinforced concrete member was proposed based on a static force-displacement relationship which reflected the changes in stiffness for loading and unloading as a function of the previous loading history.
Abstract: A series of reinforced concrete specimens has been subjected to static tests as well as periodic and simulated earthquake motions to develop realistic analytical models for the earthquake response of the elements and materials involved. During some of the dynamic tests the specimen responded with a displacement of the order of six times the initial yield deflection. The stiffness and energy absorbing capacity of the specimens changed considerably and, at times, very rapidly during the dynamic tests. A realistic conceptual model for predicting the dynamic response of a reinforced concrete member should be based on a static force-displacement relationship which reflects the changes in stiffness for loading and unloading as a function of the previous loading history. The dynamic response calculated on the basis of the proposed force-displacement relationship resulted in satisfactory agreement with the measured response. With the hysteresis loops defined by the proposed force-displacement relationship, it was not necessary to invoke additional sources of energy absorption for a satisfactory prediction of the dynamic response.
1,107 citations
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