Journal ArticleDOI
Nonlinear axially symmetric circulations in a nearly inviscid atmosphere
Isaac M. Held,Arthur Y. Hou +1 more
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In this article, a simple approximate theory is developed for the case in which the fluid is sufficiently inviscid that the poleward flow in the Hadley cell is nearly angular momentum conserving.Abstract:
The structure of certain axially symmetric circulations in a stably stratified, differentially heated, rotating Boussinesq fluid on a sphere is analyzed. A simple approximate theory [similar to that introduced by Schneider (1977)] is developed for the case in which the fluid is sufficiently inviscid that the poleward flow in the Hadley cell is nearly angular momentum conserving. The theory predicts the width of the Hadley cell, the total poleward heat flux, the latitude of the upper level jet in the zonal wind, and the distribution of surface easterlies and westerlies. Fundamental differences between such nearly inviscid circulations and the more commonly studied viscous axisymmetric flows are emphasized. The theory is checked against numerical solutions to the model equations.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Tropical cyclones and climate change
Thomas R. Knutson,John L. McBride,Johnny C. L. Chan,Kerry Emanuel,Greg J. Holland,Christopher W. Landsea,Isaac M. Held,James P. Kossin,Ashok K. Srivastava,Masato Sugi +9 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the characteristics of tropical cyclones have changed or will change in a warming climate and if so, how, has been the subject of considerable investigation, often with conflicting results.
Journal ArticleDOI
Stratosphere‐troposphere exchange
James R. Holton,Peter H. Haynes,Michael E. McIntyre,Anne R. Douglass,Richard B. Rood,Leonhard Pfister +5 more
TL;DR: The role of wave-induced forces in the extratropical overworld is discussed in this paper, where the authors focus on the role of waves and eddies in the overworld overworld and show that the global exchange rate is determined by details of near-tropopause phenomena such as penetrative cumulus convection or small-scale mixing associated with upper level fronts and cyclones.
Journal ArticleDOI
Tropical cyclones and climate change
Kevin Walsh,John L. McBride,Philip J. Klotzbach,Sethurathinam Balachandran,Suzana J. Camargo,Greg J. Holland,Thomas R. Knutson,James P. Kossin,Tsz-cheung Lee,Adam H. Sobel,Masato Sugi +10 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a theoretical basis for maximum TC intensity appears now to be well established, but a climate theory of TC formation remains elusive Climate models mostly continue to predict future decreases in global TC numbers, projected increases in the intensities of the strongest storms and increased rainfall rates Sea level rise will likely contribute toward increased storm surge risk.
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