Book ChapterDOI
Nonparametric Estimation from Incomplete Observations
Edward L. Kaplan,Paul Meier +1 more
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TLDR
In this article, the product-limit (PL) estimator was proposed to estimate the proportion of items in the population whose lifetimes would exceed t (in the absence of such losses), without making any assumption about the form of the function P(t).Abstract:
In lifetesting, medical follow-up, and other fields the observation of the time of occurrence of the event of interest (called a death) may be prevented for some of the items of the sample by the previous occurrence of some other event (called a loss). Losses may be either accidental or controlled, the latter resulting from a decision to terminate certain observations. In either case it is usually assumed in this paper that the lifetime (age at death) is independent of the potential loss time; in practice this assumption deserves careful scrutiny. Despite the resulting incompleteness of the data, it is desired to estimate the proportion P(t) of items in the population whose lifetimes would exceed t (in the absence of such losses), without making any assumption about the form of the function P(t). The observation for each item of a suitable initial event, marking the beginning of its lifetime, is presupposed. For random samples of size N the product-limit (PL) estimate can be defined as follows: L...read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
The epidemiology of major depressive disorder: results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R).
Ronald C. Kessler,Patricia A. Berglund,Olga Demler,Robert Jin,Doreen S. Koretz,Kathleen R. Merikangas,A. John Rush,Ellen E. Walters,Philip S. Wang +8 more
TL;DR: Notably, major depressive disorder is a common disorder, widely distributed in the population, and usually associated with substantial symptom severity and role impairment, and while the recent increase in treatment is encouraging, inadequate treatment is a serious concern.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effects of losartan on renal and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy
Barry M. Brenner,Mark E. Cooper,Dick de Zeeuw,William F. Keane,William E. Mitch,Hans-Henrik Parving,Giuseppe Remuzzi,Steven M. Snapinn,Zhonxin Zhang,Shahnaz Shahinfar +9 more
TL;DR: Losartan conferred significant renal benefits in patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy, and it was generally well tolerated.
Journal ArticleDOI
Prophylactic implantation of a defibrillator in patients with myocardial infarction and reduced ejection fraction.
Arthur J. Moss,Wojciech Zareba,W. Jackson Hall,Helmut U. Klein,David J. Wilber,David S. Cannom,James P. Daubert,Steven L. Higgins,Mary W. Brown,Mark L. Andrews +9 more
TL;DR: In patients with a prior myocardial infarction and advanced left ventricular dysfunction, prophylactic implantation of a defibrillator improves survival and should be considered as a recommended therapy.
Journal ArticleDOI
Liver transplantation for the treatment of small hepatocellular carcinomas in patients with cirrhosis
Vincenzo Mazzaferro,Enrico Regalia,Roberto Doci,Salvatore Andreola,A. Pulvirenti,Federico Bozzetti,F. Montalto,Mario Ammatuna,Alberto Morabito,Leandro Gennari +9 more
TL;DR: Liver transplantation is an effective treatment for small, unresectable hepatocellular carcinomas in patients with cirrhosis and after four years, the actuarial survival rate was 75 percent and the rate of recurrence-free survival was 83 percent.
Journal ArticleDOI
Amiodarone or an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator for congestive Heart failure
Gust H. Bardy,Kerry L. Lee,Daniel B. Mark,Jeanne E. Poole,Douglas L. Packer,Robin Boineau,Michael J. Domanski,Charles Troutman,Jill Anderson,Steven McNulty,Nancy E. Clapp-Channing,Linda Davidson-Ray,Elizabeth S. Fraulo,Daniel P. Fishbein,Richard M. Luceri,John Ip +15 more
TL;DR: In patients with NYHA class II or III CHF and LVEF of 35 percent or less, amiodarone has no favorable effect on survival, whereas single-lead, shock-only ICD therapy reduces overall mortality by 23 percent.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Survival Curve for Cancer Patients Following Treatment
Joseph Berkson,Robert P. Gage +1 more
TL;DR: A simple function, in terms of two physically meaningful parameters, has been evolved, which fits survivorship data very well and can be used to compare succinctly the mortality of two groups, different in respect of treatment, type of cancer, or other characteristics.
Journal ArticleDOI
An analysis of some failure data
TL;DR: The rationale and statistical techniques employed in the analysis of some failure data obtained from operations performed by machines and people are summarized and the agreement between theory and data is evaluated.