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Journal ArticleDOI

Nonrigid registration using free-form deformations: application to breast MR images

30 Jul 1999-IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging (IEEE Trans Med Imaging)-Vol. 18, Iss: 8, pp 712-721
TL;DR: The results clearly indicate that the proposed nonrigid registration algorithm is much better able to recover the motion and deformation of the breast than rigid or affine registration algorithms.
Abstract: In this paper the authors present a new approach for the nonrigid registration of contrast-enhanced breast MRI. A hierarchical transformation model of the motion of the breast has been developed. The global motion of the breast is modeled by an affine transformation while the local breast motion is described by a free-form deformation (FFD) based on B-splines. Normalized mutual information is used as a voxel-based similarity measure which is insensitive to intensity changes as a result of the contrast enhancement. Registration is achieved by minimizing a cost function, which represents a combination of the cost associated with the smoothness of the transformation and the cost associated with the image similarity. The algorithm has been applied to the fully automated registration of three-dimensional (3-D) breast MRI in volunteers and patients. In particular, the authors have compared the results of the proposed nonrigid registration algorithm to those obtained using rigid and affine registration techniques. The results clearly indicate that the nonrigid registration algorithm is much better able to recover the motion and deformation of the breast than rigid or affine registration algorithms.

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Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: TBSS aims to improve the sensitivity, objectivity and interpretability of analysis of multi-subject diffusion imaging studies by solving the question of how to align FA images from multiple subjects in a way that allows for valid conclusions to be drawn from the subsequent voxelwise analysis.

5,959 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This study indicates that SyN, with cross-correlation, is a reliable method for normalizing and making anatomical measurements in volumetric MRI of patients and at-risk elderly individuals.

4,233 citations


Cites background from "Nonrigid registration using free-fo..."

  • ...The mutual information (MI) similarity metric garnered significant interest in recent years (Maes et al., 1997; Wells et al., 1997; Rueckert et al., 1999; Studholme et al., 2006)....

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  • ...Diffeomorphic image registration algorithms hold the promise of being able to deal successfully with both small (Bajcsy et al., 1983; Gee et al., 1993; Gee and Bajcsy, 1999; Peckar et al., 1998; Rueckert et al., 1999; Rogelj and Kovacic, 2006; Ashburner et al., 2000) and large deformation problems (Trouv’e, 1998; Christensen et al....

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  • ...…the promise of being able to deal successfully with both small (Bajcsy et al., 1983; Gee et al., 1993; Gee and Bajcsy, 1999; Peckar et al., 1998; Rueckert et al., 1999; Rogelj and Kovacic, 2006; Ashburner et al., 2000) and large deformation problems (Trouv’e, 1998; Christensen et al., 1997;…...

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This is the first study to use a consistent transformation framework to provide a reproducible evaluation of the isolated effect of the similarity metric on optimal template construction and brain labeling, and to quantify the similarity of templates derived from different subgroups.

3,491 citations


Cites background from "Nonrigid registration using free-fo..."

  • ...Elastic-typemodels such asHAMMER (Shen andDavatzikos, 2002), statistical parametricmapping (SPM) (Ashburner and Friston, 2000), free-form deformations (FFD) (Rueckert et al., 1999), and Thirion's Demons (Thirion, 1998) operate in the space of vector fields, which does not preserve topology....

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  • ...…Ashburner, 2007; Vercauteren et al., 2009), cross-correlation (Gee, 1999; Ardekani et al., 2005; Avants et al., 2008), and mutual information (Viola and Wells, 1997; Rueckert et al., 1999; D'Agostino et al., 2003; Crum et al., 2003; Rogelj and Kovacic, 2006; Tao et al., 2009; Loeckx et al., 2010)....

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  • ...ANTs users may set parameters such that discretized FFD strategies and diffeomorphisms are combined....

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  • ...The same regularization scheme is available for both diffeomorphic and the recent directly manipulated free-form deformation (DMFFD) (Tustison et al., 2009a) registration....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The software consists of a collection of algorithms that are commonly used to solve medical image registration problems, and allows the user to quickly configure, test, and compare different registration methods for a specific application.
Abstract: Medical image registration is an important task in medical image processing. It refers to the process of aligning data sets, possibly from different modalities (e.g., magnetic resonance and computed tomography), different time points (e.g., follow-up scans), and/or different subjects (in case of population studies). A large number of methods for image registration are described in the literature. Unfortunately, there is not one method that works for all applications. We have therefore developed elastix, a publicly available computer program for intensity-based medical image registration. The software consists of a collection of algorithms that are commonly used to solve medical image registration problems. The modular design of elastix allows the user to quickly configure, test, and compare different registration methods for a specific application. The command-line interface enables automated processing of large numbers of data sets, by means of scripting. The usage of elastix for comparing different registration methods is illustrated with three example experiments, in which individual components of the registration method are varied.

3,444 citations


Cites background or methods from "Nonrigid registration using free-fo..."

  • ...several parametric nonrigid transformation models have been proposed [3], [28], [30], [32], [36], [37], each having its own advantages and disadvantages....

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  • ...Other examples of regularization terms are the bending energy of a thin plate [3] and the rigidity penalty term [2]....

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  • ...In elastix a B-spline representation [3] has been implemented and several physics-based spline models [30], [52], such as the thin-plate spline and the elastic body spline....

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References
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Book
01 Mar 1990
TL;DR: In this paper, a theory and practice for the estimation of functions from noisy data on functionals is developed, where convergence properties, data based smoothing parameter selection, confidence intervals, and numerical methods are established which are appropriate to a number of problems within this framework.
Abstract: This book serves well as an introduction into the more theoretical aspects of the use of spline models. It develops a theory and practice for the estimation of functions from noisy data on functionals. The simplest example is the estimation of a smooth curve, given noisy observations on a finite number of its values. Convergence properties, data based smoothing parameter selection, confidence intervals, and numerical methods are established which are appropriate to a number of problems within this framework. Methods for including side conditions and other prior information in solving ill posed inverse problems are provided. Data which involves samples of random variables with Gaussian, Poisson, binomial, and other distributions are treated in a unified optimization context. Experimental design questions, i.e., which functionals should be observed, are studied in a general context. Extensions to distributed parameter system identification problems are made by considering implicitly defined functionals.

6,120 citations


"Nonrigid registration using free-fo..." refers background in this paper

  • ...The general form of such a penalty term has been described by Wahba [28]....

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  • ...[28] G. Wahba, “Spline models for observational data,”Soc....

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  • ...Note that the regularization term is zero for any affine transformations and, therefore, penalizes only nonaffine transformations [28]....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The decomposition of deformations by principal warps is demonstrated and the method is extended to deal with curving edges between landmarks to aid the extraction of features for analysis, comparison, and diagnosis of biological and medical images.
Abstract: The decomposition of deformations by principal warps is demonstrated. The method is extended to deal with curving edges between landmarks. This formulation is related to other applications of splines current in computer vision. How they might aid in the extraction of features for analysis, comparison, and diagnosis of biological and medical images in indicated. >

5,065 citations


"Nonrigid registration using free-fo..." refers background in this paper

  • ...In contrast to thin-plate splines [25] or elastic-body splines [26], B-splines are locally controlled, which makes them computationally efficient even for a large number of control points....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results demonstrate that subvoxel accuracy with respect to the stereotactic reference solution can be achieved completely automatically and without any prior segmentation, feature extraction, or other preprocessing steps which makes this method very well suited for clinical applications.
Abstract: A new approach to the problem of multimodality medical image registration is proposed, using a basic concept from information theory, mutual information (MI), or relative entropy, as a new matching criterion. The method presented in this paper applies MI to measure the statistical dependence or information redundancy between the image intensities of corresponding voxels in both images, which is assumed to be maximal if the images are geometrically aligned. Maximization of MI is a very general and powerful criterion, because no assumptions are made regarding the nature of this dependence and no limiting constraints are imposed on the image content of the modalities involved. The accuracy of the MI criterion is validated for rigid body registration of computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance (MR), and photon emission tomography (PET) images by comparison with the stereotactic registration solution, while robustness is evaluated with respect to implementation issues, such as interpolation and optimization, and image content, including partial overlap and image degradation. Our results demonstrate that subvoxel accuracy with respect to the stereotactic reference solution can be achieved completely automatically and without any prior segmentation, feature extraction, or other preprocessing steps which makes this method very well suited for clinical applications.

4,773 citations


"Nonrigid registration using free-fo..." refers background in this paper

  • ...In particular, voxel-based similarity measures based on joint entropy [9], mutual information [10]–[13], and normalized mutual information [14], [15] have been shown to align images acquired with different imaging modalities, robustly....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A survey of recent publications concerning medical image registration techniques is presented, according to a model based on nine salient criteria, the main dichotomy of which is extrinsic versus intrinsic methods.

3,426 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Results indicate that the normalised entropy measure provides significantly improved behaviour over a range of imaged fields of view.

2,364 citations