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Journal ArticleDOI

Novel Approach to Resilient Modulus Using Routine Subgrade Soil Properties

01 Dec 2014-International Journal of Geomechanics (American Society of Civil Engineers)-Vol. 14, Iss: 6, pp 04014025-04014025
TL;DR: In this paper, Gene Expression Programming (GEP) models were developed to correlate resilient modulus with routine properties of subgrade soils and state of stress for pavement design applications, and two different correlations were developed using different combinations of the influencing parameters.
Abstract: Gene expression programming (GEP) models, a robust variant of genetic programming, are developed in this study to correlate resilient modulus with routine properties of subgrade soils and state of stress for pavement design applications. A database used for building the model was developed that contained grain size distribution, Atterberg limits, standard Proctor, unconfined compression, and resilient modulus results for 97 soils from 16 different counties in Oklahoma. Of these, 63 soils (development data set) are used in training, and the remaining 34 soils (evaluation data set) from two different counties are used in evaluation of the models developed. Two different correlations were developed using different combinations of the influencing parameters. The proposed constitutive models relate the resilient modulus of routine subgrade soils to moisture content w, dry density γd, plasticity index (PI), percent passing a No. 200 sieve (P200), unconfined compressive strength Uc, deviatoric stress σd,...
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Gene expression programming (GEP) models, a robust variant of genetic programming, are developed in this study to correlate hard rock TBM performance with routine ground properties for project design applications and are proven to be much better than the previous models.

44 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Kezhen Yan1, Fengqian Gao1, Hao Sun1, Dongdong Ge1, Shu Yang1 
TL;DR: In this article, the influence of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash on the characterization of cement-stabilized macadam (CSM), was studied as a potential partial substitute for Portland cement.

39 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In order to reveal the characteristics of strength and fatigue damage of aggregate base materials and improve the accuracy of semi-rigid base asphalt pavement design, the unconfined version of as discussed by the authors was used.
Abstract: In order to reveal the characteristics of strength and fatigue damage of cement-treated aggregate base materials and improve the accuracy of semi-rigid base asphalt pavement design, the unconfined

38 citations


Cites background from "Novel Approach to Resilient Modulus..."

  • ...Therefore, they are widely employed in many countries as cost-effective paving materials (Litwinowicz A 1994, Yan et al. 2014), especially in China (Du 2016, Li et al. 2017)....

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References
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Book
John R. Koza1
01 Jan 1992
TL;DR: This book discusses the evolution of architecture, primitive functions, terminals, sufficiency, and closure, and the role of representation and the lens effect in genetic programming.
Abstract: Background on genetic algorithms, LISP, and genetic programming hierarchical problem-solving introduction to automatically-defined functions - the two-boxes problem problems that straddle the breakeven point for computational effort Boolean parity functions determining the architecture of the program the lawnmower problem the bumblebee problem the increasing benefits of ADFs as problems are scaled up finding an impulse response function artificial ant on the San Mateo trail obstacle-avoiding robot the minesweeper problem automatic discovery of detectors for letter recognition flushes and four-of-a-kinds in a pinochle deck introduction to biochemistry and molecular biology prediction of transmembrane domains in proteins prediction of omega loops in proteins lookahead version of the transmembrane problem evolutionary selection of the architecture of the program evolution of primitives and sufficiency evolutionary selection of terminals evolution of closure simultaneous evolution of architecture, primitive functions, terminals, sufficiency, and closure the role of representation and the lens effect Appendices: list of special symbols list of special functions list of type fonts default parameters computer implementation annotated bibliography of genetic programming electronic mailing list and public repository

13,487 citations


"Novel Approach to Resilient Modulus..." refers background or methods in this paper

  • ...Genetic programming (GP) (Koza 1992; Banzhaf et al. 1998) is an alternative approach to the behavior modeling of civil engineering problems....

    [...]

  • ...Genetic programming is a symbolic optimization technique that creates computer programs to solve a problem using the principle of Darwinian natural selection; GP was introduced by Koza (1992) as an extension of genetic algorithms (GAs)....

    [...]

Journal Article
TL;DR: Gene expression programming, a genotype/phenotype genetic algorithm (linear and ramified), is presented here for the first time as a new technique for the creation of computer programs with high efficiency that greatly surpasses existing adaptive techniques.
Abstract: Gene expression programming, a genotype/phenotype genetic algorithm (linear and ramified), is presented here for the first time as a new technique for the creation of computer programs. Gene expression programming uses character linear chromosomes composed of genes structurally organized in a head and a tail. The chromosomes function as a genome and are subjected to modification by means of mutation, transposition, root transposition, gene transposition, gene recombination, and oneand two-point recombination. The chromosomes encode expression trees which are the object of selection. The creation of these separate entities (genome and expression tree) with distinct functions allows the algorithm to perform with high efficiency that greatly surpasses existing adaptive techniques. The suite of problems chosen to illustrate the power and versatility of gene expression programming includes symbolic regression, sequence induction with and without constant creation, block stacking, cellular automata rules for the density-classification problem, and two problems of boolean concept learning: the 11-multiplexer and the GP rule problem.

1,887 citations

Book
01 Jan 1998
TL;DR: This book presents a meta-modelling framework for genetic programming that automates the very labor-intensive and therefore time-heavy and expensive process of designing and implementing genetic algorithms.
Abstract: 1 Genetic Programming as Machine Learning 2 Genetic Programming and Biology 3 Computer Science and Mathematical Basics 4 Genetic Programming as Evolutionary Computation 5 Basic ConceptsThe Foundation 6 CrossoverThe Center of the Storm 7 Genetic Programming and Emergent Order 8 AnalysisImproving Genetic Programming with Statistics 9 Different Varieties of Genetic Programming 10 Advanced Genetic Programming 11 ImplementationMaking Genetic Programming Work 12 Applications of Genetic Programming 13 Summary and Perspectives A Printed and Recorded Resources B Information Available on the Internet C GP Software D Events

1,771 citations

Journal Article
TL;DR: In this paper, a literature review covers case histories of full-scale retaining wall models with compacted backfill, where residual stresses induced by compaction were measured, and a proposed theory based on limit equilibrium is reported to give good estimates of residual stresses.
Abstract: Evaluation of the resilient modulus of granular material as used in design and structural evaluation of flexible pavements is addressed. It is shown that the well-known equation relating the modulus to the sum of principal stresses does not properly describe granular behavior: the predicted response is not compatible with laboratory test results that show a strong dependence of the modulus on the stress ratio from which the equation is derived. A general law that includes the effects of shear strains is shown to be in good agreement with test results. The response of nonlinear materials is sensitive to their state of stress during loading. A literature review covers case histories of full-scale retaining wall models with compacted backfill, where residual stresses induced by compaction were measured. A proposed theory based on limit equilibrium is reported to give good estimates of residual stresses. It is found that granular base and subbase materials, compacted with heavy rollers, may develop relatively high residual horizontal stresses. The general law for characterizing granular materials is used with different postulated residual stresses in pavement analyses. The results obtained appear to be in good agreement with all aspects of granular material behavior, provided that a residual stress of the order of 1 to 2 psi is assumed to be induced by compaction.

431 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluated the resilient properties of 50 typical Illinois fine-grained soils and developed regression equations for estimating resilient properties based on soil characteristics and degree of saturation, and determined average resilient properties for various soil classification groups.
Abstract: Resilient properties of 50 typical Illinois fine-grained soils were evaluated. Soil resilient properties can be related to soil characteristics (texture, plasticity, organic carbon content, AASHTO group index). Current soil classification procedures do not group fine-grained soils into groups with distinctive resilient properties. Moisture-density conditions and degree of saturation significantly influence the resilient properties of fine-grained soils. Average resilient properties for various soil classification groups were determined. Regression equations were developed for estimating resilient properties based on soil characteristics and degree of saturation.

254 citations