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Proceedings ArticleDOI

Novel Audio Steganography Technique for ECG Signals in Point of Care Systems (NASTPOCS)

01 Oct 2016-pp 101-106
TL;DR: The proposed algorithm provides very high security protection for information related to patient and as well as with very less distortion of ECG signal, so that it remains diagnosable even after retrieval of patient related secret information.
Abstract: Point of care testing (POCT) in patients with ischemic heart disease is impelled by the time critical need for quick, specific and accurate results for initiation of therapy instantly. The driving force behind POCT using ECG signals is to provide test immediately and conveniently to cardiac patients. This will intensify the probability of patient, physician and care team receiving the results faster, which facilitate immediate clinical management decisions to be taken. In wireless communication the biomedical data may be susceptible to potential attacks leading to following security challenges. ● To safeguard the privacy and integrity of biomedical data. ● To make sure that only authorized people can have the access to secret information. This paper proposes a five level wavelet decomposition based steganography technique applied to ECG signals along with RSA encryption and scrambling matrix based encoding technique to protect confidential information related to patient hidden inside ECG signals. To assess the efficiency of the proposed algorithm on the patient ECG signal, the two distortion measurement metrics like percentage RMSE difference (PRD) and PSNR(peak signal to noise ratio) have been compared with existing algorithm results and energy of watermarked ECG signal is compared with original ECG for Coiflet, Bioorthogonal and symlet wavelets. It is found that the proposed algorithm provides very high security protection for information related to patient and as well as with very less distortion of ECG signal, so that it remains diagnosable even after retrieval of patient related secret information.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The methods can be classified into several categories based on the most prominent idea in the embedding process; hence, a new classification is proposed and provides a scope for summarizing and understanding the most followed approaches in audio steganography.

21 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Jyotismita Chaki1
TL;DR: The aim of this state-of-art paper is to produce a summary and guidelines for using the broadly used methods, to identify the challenges as well as future research directions of acoustic signal processing.
Abstract: Audio signal processing is the most challenging field in the current era for an analysis of an audio signal. Audio signal classification (ASC) comprises of generating appropriate features from a sound and utilizing these features to distinguish the class the sound is most likely to fit. Based on the application’s classification domain, the characteristics extraction and classification/clustering algorithms used may be quite diverse. The paper provides the survey of the state-of art for understanding ASC’s general research scope, including different types of audio; representation of audio like acoustic, spectrogram; audio feature extraction techniques like physical, perceptual, static, dynamic; audio pattern matching approaches like pattern matching, acoustic phonetic, artificial intelligence; classification, and clustering techniques. The aim of this state-of-art paper is to produce a summary and guidelines for using the broadly used methods, to identify the challenges as well as future research directions of acoustic signal processing.

9 citations

Journal Article
TL;DR: The design of a practical TSN hardware/software platform for a typical U.S. healthcare community scenario to perform real-time healthcare data collections and a medical security scheme with low communication overhead to achieve confidential electrocardiogram data transmission in wireless medium are designed.
Abstract: Recently, a remote-sensing platform based on wireless interconnection of tiny ECG sensors called telecardiology sensor networks (TSN) provided a promising approach to perform low-cost real-time cardiac patient monitoring at any time in community areas (such as elder nursing homes or hospitals). The contribution of this research is the design of a practical TSN hardware/software platform for a typical U.S. healthcare community scenario (such as large nursing homes with many elder patients) to perform real-time healthcare data collections. On the other hand, due to the radio broadcasting nature of MANET, a TSN has the risk of losing the privacy of patients' data. Medical privacy has been highly emphasized by U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. This research also designs a medical security scheme with low communication overhead to achieve confidential electrocardiogram data transmission in wireless medium.

4 citations

Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 2021
TL;DR: A comprehensive survey of steganographic techniques for ECG can be found in this article, where the authors present a survey of the steganography techniques suitable for usage in ECG.
Abstract: The following paper represents a survey of steganography techniques suitable for usage in ECG. A few steganographic methods have been discussed below, it has been believed that these methods can be exploited to bring out more techniques suitable for ECG. The objective of this paper is to provide a comprehensive survey of existing steganographic techniques for ECG.

3 citations

References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The major objective of the present work was to characterize in a quantitative way functional dynamics of order/disorder microstates in short duration EEG signals with specific quantifiers derived to characterize how stimulus affects electrical events in terms of frequency synchronization (tuning) in the event related potentials.

780 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A wavelet electrocardiogram (ECG) data codec based on the set partitioning in hierarchical trees (SPIHT) compression algorithm is proposed and is significantly more efficient in compression and in computation than previously proposed ECG compression schemes.
Abstract: A wavelet electrocardiogram (ECG) data codec based on the set partitioning in hierarchical trees (SPIHT) compression algorithm is proposed in this paper. The SPIHT algorithm (A. Said and W.A. Pearlman, IEEE Trans. Ccts. Syst. II, vol. 6, p. 243-50, 1996) has achieved notable success in still image coding. The authors modified the algorithm for the one-dimensional case and applied it to compression of ECG data. Experiments on selected records from the MIT-BIH arrhythmia database revealed that the proposed codec is significantly more efficient in compression and in computation than previously proposed ECG compression schemes. The coder also attains exact bit rate control and generates a bit stream progressive in quality or rate.

521 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The correlation between the proposed WDD measure and the MOS test measure (MOS/sub error/) was found superior to the correlation betweenThe popular PRD measure andThe MOS/ sub error/.
Abstract: In this paper, a new distortion measure for electrocardiogram (ECG) signal compression, called weighted diagnostic distortion (WDD) is introduced. The WDD measure is designed for comparing the distortion between original ECG signal and reconstructed ECG signal (after compression). The WDD is based on PQRST complex diagnostic features (such as P wave duration, QT interval, T shape, ST elevation) of the original ECG signal and the reconstructed one. Unlike other conventional distortion measures [e.g. percentage root mean square (rms) difference, or PRD], the WDD contains direct diagnostic information and thus is more meaningful and useful. Four compression algorithms were implemented (AZTEC, SAPA2, LTP, ASEC) in order to evaluate the WDD. A mean opinion score (MOS) test was applied to test the quality of the reconstructed signals and to compare the quality measure (MOS/sub error/) with the proposed WDD measure and the popular PRD measure. The evaluators in the WIGS test were three independent expert cardiologists, who studied the reconstructed ECG signals in a blind and a semiblind tests. The correlation between the proposed WDD measure and the MOS test measure (MOS/sub error/) was found superior to the correlation between the popular PRD measure and the MOS/sub error/.

393 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A wavelet-based steganography technique has been introduced which combines encryption and scrambling technique to protect patient confidential data and it is found that the proposed technique provides high-security protection for patients data with low distortion and ECG data remain diagnosable after watermarking.
Abstract: With the growing number of aging population and a significant portion of that suffering from cardiac diseases, it is conceivable that remote ECG patient monitoring systems are expected to be widely used as point-of-care (PoC) applications in hospitals around the world. Therefore, huge amount of ECG signal collected by body sensor networks from remote patients at homes will be transmitted along with other physiological readings such as blood pressure, temperature, glucose level, etc., and diagnosed by those remote patient monitoring systems. It is utterly important that patient confidentiality is protected while data are being transmitted over the public network as well as when they are stored in hospital servers used by remote monitoring systems. In this paper, a wavelet-based steganography technique has been introduced which combines encryption and scrambling technique to protect patient confidential data. The proposed method allows ECG signal to hide its corresponding patient confidential data and other physiological information thus guaranteeing the integration between ECG and the rest. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed technique on the ECG signal, two distortion measurement metrics have been used: the percentage residual difference and the wavelet weighted PRD. It is found that the proposed technique provides high-security protection for patients data with low (less than 1%) distortion and ECG data remain diagnosable after watermarking (i.e., hiding patient confidential data) and as well as after watermarks (i.e., hidden data) are removed from the watermarked data.

162 citations


"Novel Audio Steganography Technique..." refers background or result in this paper

  • ...WITH WATERMARKED ECG SIGNAL FOR THREE DIFFERENT WAVELETS In Table 1: The PRD in percentage for the proposed algorithm(NASTPOCS) is tabulated for different combination of Scrambling matrix and is compared with existing technique(WESPCIP)[1]....

    [...]

  • ...WITH WATERMARKED ECG SIGNAL FOR THREE DIFFERENT WAVELETS In Table 1: The PRD in percentage for the proposed algorithm(NASTPOCS) is tabulated for different combination of Scrambling matrix and is compared with existing technique(WESPCIP)[1]....

    [...]

  • ...TABLE III: CAPACITY IN BITS VERSUS PSNR Case No PRD (WESPCIP)[1] PRD (NASTPOCS)...

    [...]

  • ...Ayman Ibaida and Ibrahim khadil[1] proposed a wavelet based steganography for ECG signals to hide patient information as well as diagnostic information inside ECG signals with XOR ciphering technique to encrypt the patient confidential information....

    [...]

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 2006
TL;DR: Comparative results with existing quality measures show that the new measure is insensitive to error variation, is accurate, and correlates very well with subjective tests.
Abstract: Electrocardiograph (ECG) compression techniques are gaining momentum due to the huge database requirements and wide band communication channels needed to maintain high quality ECG transmission. Advances in computer software and hardware enable the birth of new techniques in ECG compression, aiming at high compression rates. In general, most of the introduced ECG compression techniques depend on their evaluation performance on either inaccurate measures or measures targeting random behavior of error. In this paper, a new wavelet-based quality measure is proposed. A new wavelet-based quality measure is proposed. The new approach is based on decomposing the segment of interest into frequency bands where a weighted score is given to the band depending on its dynamic range and its diagnostic significance. A performance evaluation of the measure is conducted quantitatively and qualitatively. Comparative results with existing quality measures show that the new measure is insensitive to error variation, is accurate, and correlates very well with subjective tests

152 citations