Novel maximum-power-point-tracking controller for photovoltaic energy conversion system
TL;DR: A novel maximum-power-point-tracking (MPPT) controller for a photovoltaic (PV) energy conversion system is presented, and a single-stage configuration is implemented, resulting in size and weight reduction and increased efficiency.
Abstract: A novel maximum-power-point-tracking (MPPT) controller for a photovoltaic (PV) energy conversion system is presented. Using the slope of power versus voltage of a PV array, the proposed MPPT controller allows the conversion system to track the maximum power point very rapidly. As opposed to conventional two-stage designs, a single-stage configuration is implemented, resulting in size and weight reduction and increased efficiency. The proposed system acts as a solar generator on sunny days, in addition to working as an active power line conditioner on rainy days. Finally, computer simulations and experimental results demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed technique.
Citations
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TL;DR: The many different techniques for maximum power point tracking of photovoltaic (PV) arrays are discussed in this paper, and at least 19 distinct methods have been introduced in the literature, with many variations on implementation.
Abstract: The many different techniques for maximum power point tracking of photovoltaic (PV) arrays are discussed. The techniques are taken from the literature dating back to the earliest methods. It is shown that at least 19 distinct methods have been introduced in the literature, with many variations on implementation. This paper should serve as a convenient reference for future work in PV power generation.
5,022 citations
Cites methods from "Novel maximum-power-point-tracking ..."
...Fig. 4. IncCond algorithm as shown in [29], [32], [ 33 ], and [36]....
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a method of modeling and simulation of photovoltaic arrays by adjusting the curve at three points: open circuit, maximum power, and short circuit.
Abstract: This paper proposes a method of modeling and simulation of photovoltaic arrays. The main objective is to find the parameters of the nonlinear I-V equation by adjusting the curve at three points: open circuit, maximum power, and short circuit. Given these three points, which are provided by all commercial array data sheets, the method finds the best I-V equation for the single-diode photovoltaic (PV) model including the effect of the series and parallel resistances, and warranties that the maximum power of the model matches with the maximum power of the real array. With the parameters of the adjusted I-V equation, one can build a PV circuit model with any circuit simulator by using basic math blocks. The modeling method and the proposed circuit model are useful for power electronics designers who need a simple, fast, accurate, and easy-to-use modeling method for using in simulations of PV systems. In the first pages, the reader will find a tutorial on PV devices and will understand the parameters that compose the single-diode PV model. The modeling method is then introduced and presented in details. The model is validated with experimental data of commercial PV arrays.
3,811 citations
Cites background from "Novel maximum-power-point-tracking ..."
...The value of Rp is generally high and some authors [12], [23]–[26], [29], [35]–[38] neglect this resistance to simplify the model....
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TL;DR: Simulation and hardware implementation of incremental conductance maximum power point tracking (MPPT) used in solar array power systems with direct control method and results indicate the feasibility and improved functionality of the system.
Abstract: This paper presents simulation and hardware implementation of incremental conductance (IncCond) maximum power point tracking (MPPT) used in solar array power systems with direct control method. The main difference of the proposed system to existing MPPT systems includes elimination of the proportional-integral control loop and investigation of the effect of simplifying the control circuit. Contributions are made in several aspects of the whole system, including converter design, system simulation, controller programming, and experimental setup. The resultant system is capable of tracking MPPs accurately and rapidly without steady-state oscillation, and also, its dynamic performance is satisfactory. The IncCond algorithm is used to track MPPs because it performs precise control under rapidly changing atmospheric conditions. MATLAB and Simulink were employed for simulation studies, and Code Composer Studio v3.1 was used to program a TMS320F2812 digital signal processor. The proposed system was developed and tested successfully on a photovoltaic solar panel in the laboratory. Experimental results indicate the feasibility and improved functionality of the system.
974 citations
Additional excerpts
...It is based on the incremental and instantaneous conductance of the PV module [6], [19], [22], [ 23 ]....
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TL;DR: In this paper, the progress made in solar power generation research and development since its inception is reviewed, highlighting the current and future issues involved in the generation of quality and reliable solar power technology for future applications.
787 citations
Cites background from "Novel maximum-power-point-tracking ..."
...[47], a novel maximum-power-pointtracking controller for photovoltaic energy conversion system is elaborated....
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04 Dec 2009
TL;DR: An easy and accurate method of modeling photovoltaic arrays using information from the datasheet is presented and the model is validated with experimental data.
Abstract: This paper presents an easy and accurate method of modeling photovoltaic arrays. The method is used to obtain the parameters of the array model using information from the datasheet. The photovoltaic array model can be simulated with any circuit simulator. The equations of the model are presented in details and the model is validated with experimental data. Finally, simulation examples are presented. This paper is useful for power electronics designers and researchers who need an effective and straightforward way to model and simulate photovoltaic arrays.
678 citations
Cites background or methods from "Novel maximum-power-point-tracking ..."
...This model offers a good compromise between simplicity and accuracy [8] and has been used by several authors in previous works, sometimes with simplifications but always with the basic structure composed of a current source and a parallel diode [9–23]....
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...The value of Rp is generally high and some authors [11–14, 17, 18, 25–28] neglect this resistance to simplify the model....
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References
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01 Jan 1995
TL;DR: In this article, the authors developed an incremental conductance (IncCond) algorithm to track the maximum power operating point (MPOP) of photovoltaic (PV) power generation systems.
Abstract: As the maximum power operating point (MPOP) of photovoltaic (PV) power generation systems changes with changing atmospheric conditions (e.g. solar radiation and temperature), an important consideration in the design of efficient PV systems is to track the MPOP correctly. Many maximum power tracking (MPT) techniques have been considered in the past but techniques using microprocessors with appropriate MPT algorithms are favoured because of their flexibility and compatibility with different PV arrays. Although the efficiency of these MPT algorithms is usually high, it drops noticeably in cases of rapidly changing atmospheric conditions. The authors have developed a new MPT algorithm based on the fact that the MPOP of a PV generator can be tracked accurately by comparing the incremental and instantaneous conductances of the PV array. The work was carried out by both simulation and experiment, with results showing that the developed incremental conductance (IncCond) algorithm has successfully tracked the MPOP, even in cases of rapidly changing atmospheric conditions, and has higher efficiency than ordinary algorithms in terms of total PV energy transferred to the load.
1,732 citations
"Novel maximum-power-point-tracking ..." refers methods in this paper
...An alternative method, the incremental conductance method, tracks the maximum power point accurately by comparing the incremental conductance and instantaneous conductance of a PV array [10]....
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...The incremental conductance method is used to avoid oscillation by comparing the incremental and instantaneous conductance of the PV array, but the implemented circuit is more complex [10]....
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...Therefore, many techniques have been developed to provide maximum PV power [1]–[10]....
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...Some systems use an online maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm to obtain the maximum power point [7]–[10]....
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TL;DR: A simple method of tracking the maximum power points (MPPs) and forcing the system to operate close to these points is presented, and the principle of energy conservation is used to derive the large- and small-signal model and transfer function.
Abstract: Photovoltaic systems normally use a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique to continuously deliver the highest possible power to the load when variations in the insulation and temperature occur. It overcomes the problem of mismatch between the solar arrays and the given load. A simple method of tracking the maximum power points (MPPs) and forcing the system to operate close to these points is presented. The principle of energy conservation is used to derive the large- and small-signal model and transfer function. By using the proposed model, the drawbacks of the state-space-averaging method can be overcome. The TI320C25 digital signal processor (DSP) was used to implement the proposed MPPT controller, which controls the DC/DC converter in the photovoltaic system. Simulations and experimental results show excellent performance.
746 citations
"Novel maximum-power-point-tracking ..." refers background or methods in this paper
...If the internal shunt resistance is neglected, the characteristic of a PV array can be given as [8], [9]...
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...An MPPT method often used is the perturbation and observation method [8], [9], because the method is easy to implement....
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TL;DR: A low-power low-cost highly efficient maximum power point tracker (MPPT) to be integrated into a photovoltaic (PV) panel is proposed, which can result in a 25% energy enhancement compared to a standard photovolar panel, while performing functions like battery voltage regulation and matching of the PV array with the load.
Abstract: A low-power low-cost highly efficient maximum power point tracker (MPPT) to be integrated into a photovoltaic (PV) panel is proposed. This can result in a 25% energy enhancement compared to a standard photovoltaic panel, while performing functions like battery voltage regulation and matching of the PV array with the load. Instead of using an externally connected MPPT, it is proposed to use an integrated MPPT converter as part of the PV panel. It is proposed that this integrated MPPT uses a simple controller in order to be cost effective. Furthermore, the power converter has to be very efficient, in order to transfer more energy to the load than a directly-coupled system. This is achieved by using a simple soft-switched topology. A much higher conversion efficiency at lower cost will then result, making the MPPT an affordable solution for small PV energy systems.
632 citations
"Novel maximum-power-point-tracking ..." refers methods in this paper
...Enslin employed an integrated PV maximum-power-point tracker with soft switching to obtain the optimum efficiency [1]....
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...Therefore, many techniques have been developed to provide maximum PV power [1]–[10]....
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TL;DR: A high-performance discrete MPPT controller that tracks the maximum power point with zero-slope regulation and current-mode control is presented and the DC-DC power converter is capable of combining with the BESS for performing the functions of power conditioning and active power filtering.
Abstract: This paper introduces a residential photovoltaic (PV) energy storage system, in which the PV power is controlled by a DC-DC power converter and transferred to a small battery energy storage system (BESS). For managing the power, a pattern of daily operation considering the load characteristic of the homeowner, the generation characteristic of the PV power, and the power-leveling demand of the electric utility is prescribed. The system looks up the pattern to select the operation mode, so that powers from the PV array, the batteries and the utility are utilized in a cost-effective manner. As for the control of the system, a novel control technique for the maximum power-point tracking (MPPT) of the PV array is proposed, in which the state-averaged model of the DC-DC power converter, including the dynamic model of the PV array, is derived. Accordingly, a high-performance discrete MPPT controller that tracks the maximum power point with zero-slope regulation and current-mode control is presented. With proposed arrangements on the control of the BESS and the current-to-power scaling factor setting, the DC-DC power converter is capable of combining with the BESS for performing the functions of power conditioning and active power filtering. An experimental 600 W system is implemented, and some simulation and experimental results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed system.
421 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a microcomputer-based control of a residential photovoltaic power conditioning system is described, which is responsible for array current feedback control, maximum power tracking control, array safe zone steering control, phase-locked reference wave synthesis, sequencing control, and some diagnostics.
Abstract: Microcomputer-based control of a residential photovoltaic power conditioning system is described. The microcomputer is responsible for array current feedback control, maximum power tracking control, array safe zone steering control, phase-locked reference wave synthesis, sequencing control, and some diagnostics. The control functions are implemented using Intel 8751 single-chip microcomputer-based hardware and software. The controller has been tested in the laboratory with the prototype power conditioner and shows excellent performance.
339 citations
"Novel maximum-power-point-tracking ..." refers background or methods in this paper
...If the internal shunt resistance is neglected, the characteristic of a PV array can be given as [8], [9]...
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...Generally speaking, the frequency of the inverter input current is twice the fundamental frequency of the inverter output current [8]....
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...An MPPT method often used is the perturbation and observation method [8], [9], because the method is easy to implement....
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