Null energy condition and superluminal propagation
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...In a broad technical sense we may define a modification of gravity as a field theory possessing solutions over which new degrees of freedom affect the propagation of gravity while the background is not producing any sizable energy momentum tensor [7]....
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...It would also be interesting to use our approach for the study of fluctuations in fluids like in radiation or matter dominance [8]....
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...In appendix A we prove (1)Indeed, as shown for example in [8], non-vorticous excitations of a perfect fluid may be described by a derivatively coupled scalar....
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...This is an example of the well studied relationship between violation of the null energy condition, which in a FRW Universe is equivalent to Ḣ < 0, and the presence of instabilities in the system [17, 8]....
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1,127 citations
Cites background from "Null energy condition and superlumi..."
...Conversely, as soon as superluminal modes are allowed, the null energy condition is lost, even in the absence of instabilities within the matter dynamics [12], and CTC’s can in principle appear with respect to the gravitational metric gμν as well....
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...While our arguments do not directly apply to theories in which the vacuum spontaneously breaks Lorentz invariance, such as Higgs phases of gravity [6, 7, 8] or the models studied in [12], it would be interesting to ask whether there are any analogous constraints to those we have discussed....
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...Notice that a violation of the Null Energy Condition under very broad assumptions leads either to instabilities at arbitrarily short time-scales or to superluminal propagation in the matter sector [12]....
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...It is a remarkable fact that if the matter dynamics do not feature either instabilities or superluminal modes then the energy momentum tensor corresponding to the effective metric satisfies the null energy condition [12]....
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1,103 citations
References
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