Numerical analysis of the damage behavior of an aluminum/CFRP hybrid beam under three point bending
TL;DR: In this paper, the damage behavior of an aluminum-composite hybrid beam under three-point bending loading was investigated by a finite element analysis (FEA), and material properties of the aluminum, failure characteristics of the CFRP laminate, and adhesion between the aluminum and CFRP were measured experimentally.
Abstract: The damage behavior of an aluminum–composite hybrid beam under three point bending loading was investigated by a finite element analysis (FEA). An aluminum square hollow section beam wrapped by four plies of unidirectional carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) with a designed stacking sequence was investigated. Nonlinear elasto-plasticity and progressive damage mechanics were applied for aluminum and CFRP, respectively. Hashin’s damage initiation criteria and energy based damage evolution were applied. Delamination and debonding were modeled by a cohesive zone model defined by the traction separation law and an energy based damage evolution scheme. For a numerical analysis, material properties of the aluminum, failure characteristics of the CFRP laminate, and adhesion between the aluminum and CFRP were measured experimentally. The FEA showed that stress was concentrated at the edges under the loading nose. It was observed that the lay-up sequence of the laminates strongly influenced the performance. At low bending loading, failure of CFRP and delamination over a small area just below the loading nose occurred. As the load increased, the interface between aluminum and CFRP was debonded. Plastic buckling of aluminum and bending collapse behavior of the hybrid beam then occurred upon further loading. Overall performance of the hybrid beam represented by load–displacement curves with respect to the stacking sequence of the laminate was compared with experimental results. The FEA showed good agreement with the experimental results.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explored crashworthiness characteristics of aluminum/carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) hybrid tubes, experimentally and numerically, subjected to three different loading angles by comparing with aluminum alone and CFRP alone tubes, in which the deformation patterns and several key indicators related to the crashworthiness of these structures were assessed.
175 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the interply hybridization of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite laminate was investigated to improve the flexural performance and cost efficiency, and the results showed that flexural strength and modulus decreased with the increase in the hybrid ratio of basalt fibres ranging from 0 to 50%.
Abstract: This study investigates the interply hybridization of carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite laminate to improve the flexural performance and cost efficiency. Carbon layers were replaced partially by basalt and/or glass fibres to explore the effects of hybrid ratio and stacking sequence on the flexural behavior and material usage. Hybrid laminates were manufactured by vacuum assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) process. Three-point bending tests were carried out to characterize the flexural properties and failure mechanisms of the hybrid composite laminates. The fracture surfaces were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that flexural strength and modulus of the hybrid laminates decreased with the increase in the hybrid ratio of basalt fibres ranging from 0 to 50%; however negligible effects on flexural properties were observed when hybrid ratio increased further up to 75%. For the hybrid samples, a higher flexural modulus can be obtained by placing carbon layers on the both tensile and compressive sides symmetrically; and a higher flexural strength can be achieved by placing basalt or glass fibre through a sandwich-like stacking sequence with a hybrid ratio of 50%. The finite element modeling and classic laminate theory (CLT) analysis were also conducted through validation against the experimental results, which enabled to reveal the details of strain, damage and fracture under bending. The study exhibited a better material efficiency for glass/carbon hybrid laminates in terms of strength/cost and modulus/cost ratio; and the benefits of such cost efficiency of hybridization were discussed in depth for potential engineering applications.
80 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a comparative study between Hashin damage criterion and the eXtended Finite Element Method (XFEM) applied to the failure of fiber reinforced polymers (FRP) is presented.
Abstract: This paper presents a comparative study between Hashin damage criterion and the eXtended Finite Element Method (XFEM) applied to the failure of fiber reinforced polymers (FRP). A brief literature review on failure criteria to predict the failure of FRP is firstly presented. Then, finite element models of square plates with different layer configurations, containing a circular hole with distinct radii and subjected to monotonic uniaxial tension are described within the framework of ABAQUS package. The models are validated by comparison between the numerical results and those of a benchmark model. Finally, the influence of (i) stacking sequence, (ii) hole radii and (iii) failure criteria (Hashin and XFEM) on the load vs. elongation paths, stresses distributions and collapse configurations of the plates is shown and discussed and some conclusions are drawn.
78 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, two carbon fiber reinforced aluminum laminates (CARRAL) with a 3/2 configuration, with aluminum in the outer layer for the first case and one with carbon fiber composite layer in the inner layer were prepared using a vacuum press without any adhesive layer between the layers.
Abstract: Fiber metal laminates (FML) combine the strength of carbon fiber composite layer with ductility of the aluminum layer for desirable mechanical characteristics. For these composites, progressive failure behavior can be complex and require attention. In this study, two carbon fiber reinforced aluminum laminates (CARRAL) with a 3/2 configuration, with aluminum in the outer layer for the first case and one with carbon fiber composite layer in the outer layer were prepared using a vacuum press without any adhesive layer between the layers—a significant departure from similar aerospace materials. Epoxy from the prepreg provides adequate adhesion during consolidation in these lower cost FMLs with a pressure level of 0.35 MPa. Three-point flexural behaviors of these two material systems were evaluated under static loading and failure modes were recorded. Primary failure modes observed were crack in lower aluminum layer, carbon fiber (CFRP) layer fracture and delamination between upper aluminum and CFRP layer. A m...
63 citations
TL;DR: Based on the Hashin type failure criteria and cohesive zone method, a new progressive damage model with a set of gradual stiffness degradation rules was developed to investigate the flexural behavior and the damage evolution of laminated composites subjected to three-point bending.
63 citations
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03 Mar 2017
TL;DR: Fracture Mechanics: Fundamentals and Applications, Fourth Edition as discussed by the authors is the most useful and comprehensive guide to fracture mechanics available It has been adopted by more than 150 universities worldwide and used by thousands of engineers and researchers.
Abstract: Fracture Mechanics: Fundamentals and Applications, Fourth Edition is the most useful and comprehensive guide to fracture mechanics available It has been adopted by more than 150 universities worldwide and used by thousands of engineers and researchers This new edition reflects the latest research, industry practices, applications, and computational analysis and modeling It encompasses theory and applications, linear and nonlinear fracture mechanics, solid mechanics, and materials science with a unified, balanced, and in-depth approach Numerous chapter problems have been added or revised, and additional resources are available for those teaching college courses or training sessions Dr Anderson’s own website can be accessed at wwwFractureMechanicscom
5,035 citations
3,622 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluated the initiation of cracking and delamination growth in a unidirectional glass/epoxy composite under mode I, mode ZZ, and mixed mode I + II static loading.
2,108 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a methodology to determine the constitutive parameters for the simulation of progressive delamination is proposed, which accounts for the size of a cohesive finite element and the length of the cohesive zone to ensure the correct dissipation of energy.
1,314 citations
01 Jun 2002
TL;DR: In this article, a decohesion element with mixed-mode capability is proposed and demonstrated at the interface between solid finite elements to model the initiation and non-self-similar growth of delaminations.
Abstract: A new decohesion element with mixed-mode capability is proposed and demonstrated. The element is used at the interface between solid finite elements to model the initiation and non-self-similar growth of delaminations. A single relative displacement-based damage parameter is applied in a softening law to track the damage state of the interface and to prevent the restoration of the cohesive state during unloading. The softening law for mixed-mode delamination propagation can be applied to any mode interaction criterion such as the two-parameter power law or the three-parameter Benzeggagh-Kenane criterion. To demonstrate the accuracy of the predictions and the irreversibility capability of the constitutive law, steady-state delamination growth is simulated for quasistatic loading-unloading cycles of various single mode and mixed-mode delamination test specimens.
909 citations