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Journal ArticleDOI

Nusselt number analysis from a battery pack cooled by different fluids and multiple back-propagation modelling using feed-forward networks

TL;DR: In this article, an analysis of average Nusselt number (Nuavg), which indicates the heat removal from the battery pack cooled by flowing fluid is carried out considering coupled heat transfer condition at the pack and coolant interface.
About: This article is published in International Journal of Thermal Sciences.The article was published on 2021-03-01 and is currently open access. It has received 64 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Battery pack & Heat generation.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An extensive study of various battery models such as electrochemical models, mathematical models, circuit-oriented models and combined models for different types of batteries, and the approaches, advantages and disadvantages of black box and grey box type battery modelling are analysed.
Abstract: The growing demand for electrical energy and the impact of global warming leads to a paradigm shift in the power sector. This has led to the increased usage of renewable energy sources. Due to the intermittent nature of the renewable sources of energy, devices capable of storing electrical energy are required to increase its reliability. The most common means of storing electrical energy is battery systems. Battery usage is increasing in the modern days, since all mobile systems such as electric vehicles, smart phones, laptops, etc., rely on the energy stored within the device to operate. The increased penetration rate of the battery system requires accurate modelling of charging profiles to optimise performance. This paper presents an extensive study of various battery models such as electrochemical models, mathematical models, circuit-oriented models and combined models for different types of batteries. It also discusses the advantages and drawbacks of these types of modelling. With AI emerging and accelerating all over the world, there is a scope for researchers to explore its application in multiple fields. Hence, this work discusses the application of several machine learning and meta heuristic algorithms for battery management systems. This work details the charging and discharging characteristics using the black box and grey box techniques for modelling the lithium-ion battery. The approaches, advantages and disadvantages of black box and grey box type battery modelling are analysed. In addition, analysis has been carried out for extracting parameters of a lithium-ion battery model using evolutionary algorithms.

70 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a BTMS of LiFePO4 cuboid battery module with adding different additional airflow outputs in typical U-type cooling system is designed to optimize temperature uniformity.

40 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, back-propagation modeling of viscosity and shear stress of Ionic-MXene nanofluid is carried out in order to obtain better performance.
Abstract: Back-propagation modeling of viscosity and shear stress of Ionic-MXene nanofluid is carried out in this work. The data for Ionic-MXene nanofluid of 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 mass concentration (mass%) are collected from the experimental analysis. Shear stress and viscosity as a function of shear rate and mass% of MXene nanoparticles is used as input. Additionally, viscosity as a function of temperature and % of MXene nanoparticles is collected separately. Based on the possible combinations, five back-propagation algorithms are developed. In each algorithm, five models depending upon the number of neurons in the hidden layer are used. The training and testing of all the models in each algorithm are performed. Statistical analysis of the network output is done to evaluate the accuracy of models by finding the losses in terms of mean squared error (MAE), root-mean-squared error, mean absolute error, (MAE), and error deviation. Model 1 is found to have lower accuracy than the remaining models as the number of neurons in its hidden layer is only one. The performance evaluation metrices of the back-propagation model show that the error involved is acceptable. The training and testing of the algorithms are satisfactory as the network output is found to be in comfortably good agreement with the desired experimental output.

40 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors recognized the inclusion of ceramics such as Gr and B4C in manufacturing AMMCs through stir casting, and tested the composites for hardness and wear behaviour.
Abstract: Lightweight composite materials have recently been recognized as appropriate materials have been adopted in many industrial applications because of their versatility. The present research recognizes the inclusion of ceramics such as Gr and B4C in manufacturing AMMCs through stir casting. Prepared composites were tested for hardness and wear behaviour. The tests’ findings revealed that the reinforced matrix was harder (60%) than the un-reinforced alloy because of the increased ceramic phase. The rising content of B4C and Gr particles led to continuous improvements in wear resistance. The microstructure and worn surface were observed through SEM (Scanning electron microscope) and revealed the formation of mechanically mixed layers of both B4C and Gr, which served as the effective insulation surface and protected the test sample surface from the steel disc. With the rise in the content of B4C and Gr, the weight loss declined, and significant wear resistance was achieved at 15 wt.% B4C and 10 wt.% Gr. A response surface analysis for the weight loss was carried out to obtain the optimal objective function. Artificial neural network methodology was adopted to identify the significance of the experimental results and the importance of the wear parameters. The error between the experimental and ANN results was found to be within 1%.

36 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article , the effect of forced cooling enhancements such as baffles and fins on the performance of the 150 W solar photovoltaic thermal collectors (PV/T) was investigated.

27 citations

References
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Book
01 Jan 1984
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe a transition from Laminar boundary layer flow to Turbulent Boundary Layer flow with change of phase Mass Transfer Convection in Porous Media.
Abstract: Fundamental Principles Laminar Boundary Layer Flow Laminar Duct Flow External Natural Convection Internal Natural Convection Transition to Turbulence Turbulent Boundary Layer Flow Turbulent Duct Flow Free Turbulent Flows Convection with Change of Phase Mass Transfer Convection in Porous Media.

4,067 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, four cell-cooling methods: air cooling, direct liquid cooling, indirect liquid cooling and fin cooling, were evaluated using a typical large capacity Li-ion pouch cell designed for EDVs from the perspective of coolant parasitic power consumption, maximum temperature rise, temperature difference in a cell, and additional weight used for the cooling system.

454 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the thermal performance of battery module under different cell arrangement structures, which includes: 1.5 × 5 arrays rectangular arrangement, 19 cells hexagonal arrangement and 28 cells circular arrangement, was explored.

436 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a serpentine-channel cooling plate is modeled parametrically and its characteristics assessed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and numerical optimization is carried out by allowing the channel width and position to vary.

405 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, three-dimensional transient thermal analyses of an air-cooled module that contains prismatic lithium-ion cells operating under an aggressive driving profile were performed using a commercial computational fluid dynamics code.

389 citations