Nutrient removal and biodiesel production by integration of freshwater algae cultivation with piggery wastewater treatment
TL;DR: An integrated approach, which combined freshwater microalgae Chlorella zofingiensis cultivation with piggery wastewater treatment, was investigated, where the advantageous nutrient removal and the highest productivities of biomass, lipid and biodiesel were presented.
About: This article is published in Water Research.The article was published on 2013-09-01. It has received 443 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Wastewater & Biodiesel production.
Citations
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TL;DR: An updated review of the literature regarding the application of microalgal consortia in the remediation of wastewaters from different sources is provided, focusing on the mechanisms involved in nutrients removal by microalgae and the main interactions established between the microorganisms integrating the Consortia and how they can influence nutrients removal efficiencies.
Abstract: The development of anthropogenic activities has led to an excessive disposal of wastes into water bodies, thus reducing water quality and damaging aquatic ecosystems. To avoid the negative impacts associated to the discharge of wastes into water courses, effective remediation processes are required to reduce nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in discharged effluents. Current methodologies applied for nutrients removal tend to be complex, expensive and energy demanding. Therefore, cultivation of microalgae has appeared as an emerging alternative for nutrients removal from wastewaters. These photosynthetic microorganisms require large amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus for their growth. However, since it is very difficult to maintain pure cultures of these microorganisms in wastewater treatment processes, several studies have reported the use of natural and artificial microalgal consortia composed exclusively by microalgae or by microalgae and bacteria. The use of these consortia in the remediation of wastewaters can be very advantageous because: (i) cooperative interactions between the co-cultivated microorganisms can occur, enhancing the overall uptake of nutrients; and (ii) these systems tend to be more resistant to environmental conditions oscillations. This study provides an updated review of the literature regarding the application of microalgal consortia in the remediation of wastewaters from different sources, focusing on the mechanisms involved in nutrients removal by microalgae and the main interactions established between the microorganisms integrating the consortia and how they can influence nutrients removal efficiencies.
457 citations
TL;DR: An overview of microalgae strains commonly used for wastewater treatment, physical and chemical properties of various wastewaters and their suitability for algae cultivation, factors affecting algae growth, nutrient assimilation/removal and biomass productivity are provided.
365 citations
TL;DR: The systematic description of the technologies required for the successful integration of wastewater treatment and cultivation of microalgae for biomass production toward biofuel generation was discussed and the future directions for integrated wastewatertreatment and microalgal biomass production for industrial applications were suggested.
Abstract: Microalgae are a potential source of sustainable biomass feedstock for biofuel generation, and can proliferate under versatile environmental conditions Mass cultivation of microalgae is the most overpriced and technically challenging step in microalgal biofuel generation Wastewater is an available source of the water plus nutrients necessary for algae cultivation Microalgae provide a cost-effective and sustainable means of advanced (waste)water treatment with the simultaneous production of commercially valuable products Microalgae show higher efficiency in nutrient removal than other microorganisms because the nutrients (ammonia, nitrate, phosphate, urea and trace elements) present in various wastewaters are essential for microalgal growth Potential progress in the area of microalgal cultivation coupled with wastewater treatment in open and closed systems has led to an improvement in algal biomass production However, significant efforts are still required for the development and optimization of a coupled system to simultaneously generate biomass and treat wastewater In this review, the systematic description of the technologies required for the successful integration of wastewater treatment and cultivation of microalgae for biomass production toward biofuel generation was discussed It deeply reviews the microalgae-mediated treatment of different wastewaters (including municipal, piggery/swine, industrial, and anaerobic wastewater), and highlight the wastewater characteristics suitable for microalgae cultivation Various pretreatment methods (such as filtration, autoclaving, UV application, and dilution) needed for wastewater prior to its use for microalgae cultivation have been discussed The selection of potential microalgae species that can grow in wastewater and generate a large amount of biomass has been considered Discussion on microalgal cultivation systems (including raceways, photobioreactors, turf scrubbers, and hybrid systems) that use wastewater, evaluating the capital expenditures (CAPEX) and operational expenditures (OPEX) of each system was reported In view of the limitations of recent studies, the future directions for integrated wastewater treatment and microalgae biomass production for industrial applications were suggested
333 citations
TL;DR: The recent advances in microalgae cultivation and growth processes are reviewed and flocculation mechanisms are analyzed, while the characteristics that the ideal harvesting methods should have are summarized.
293 citations
TL;DR: The mixed native algae species and employment of two-stage cultivation strategy as potential breakthrough toward sustainable and economic microalgae biofuel production using wastewater as a medium for cultivation is recommended.
276 citations
References
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TL;DR: The experiments showed that the eustigmatophyte Nannochloropsis sp.
Abstract: Thirty microalgal strains were screened in the laboratory for their biomass productivity and lipid content. Four strains (two marine and two freshwater), selected because robust, highly productive and with a relatively high lipid content, were cultivated under nitrogen deprivation in 0.6-L bubbled tubes. Only the two marine microalgae accumulated lipid under such conditions. One of them, the eustigmatophyte Nannochloropsis sp. FM102: 100–112. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
2,714 citations
TL;DR: It is possible to use microalgae to produce the O(2) required by acclimatized bacteria to biodegrade hazardous pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phenolics, and organic solvents when proper methods for algal selection and cultivation are used.
1,331 citations
TL;DR: An overview of the technologies in the production of biodiesel from microalgae, including the various modes of cultivation for theproduction of oil-rich microalgal biomass, as well as the subsequent downstream processing for biodiesel production is provided.
1,087 citations
TL;DR: This review details the various facets of biotechnology of B. braunii, including its microbiology and physiology; production of hydrocarbons and other compounds by the alga; methods of culture; downstream recovery and processing of algal hydrocarols; and cloning of the algal genes into other microorganisms.
Abstract: Botryococcus braunii, a green colonial microalga, is an unusually rich renewable source of hydrocarbons and other chemicals. Hydrocarbons can constitute up to 75% of the dry mass of B. braunii. This review details the various facets of biotechnology of B. braunii, including its microbiology and physiology; production of hydrocarbons and other compounds by the alga; methods of culture; downstream recovery and processing of algal hydrocarbons; and cloning of the algal genes into other microorganisms. B. braunii converts simple inorganic compounds and sunlight to potential hydrocarbon fuels and feedstocks for the chemical industry. Microorganisms such as B. braunii can, in the long run, reduce our dependence on fossil fuels and because of this B. braunii continues to attract much attention.
742 citations
"Nutrient removal and biodiesel prod..." refers background in this paper
...Unlike other species like Botryococcus braunii, whichmainly contain long-chain hydrocarbons for fatty acids (Banerjee et al., 2002), in our study C. zofingiensis was found to have shorter carbon chains for fatty acids....
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