Nutritional contribution of street foods to the diet of people in developing countries: a systematic review

doi:10.1017/S1368980013001158

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Nutritional contribution of street foods to the diet of people in developing countries: a systematic review

Journal Article•DOI•

Nutritional contribution of street foods to the diet of people in developing countries: a systematic review

Nelia P. Steyn¹, Zandile Mchiza², Jillian Hill², Yul Derek Davids¹, Irma Venter³, Enid Hinrichsen³, Maretha Opperman³, J. Rumbelow¹, Peter Jacobs¹ - Show less +5 more•Institutions (3)

Human Sciences Research Council¹, Medical Research Council², Cape Peninsula University of Technology³

01 Jun 2014-Public Health Nutrition (Cambridge University Press)-Vol. 17, Iss: 6, pp 1363-1374

TL;DR: Although the amounts differed from place to place, even at the lowest values of the percentage of energy intake range, energy from street foods made a significant contribution to the diet.

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Abstract: Human Sciences Research Council, Medical Research Council, Cape Peninsula University of Technology and the National Research Foundation

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Journal Article•DOI•

Slum Health: Arresting COVID-19 and Improving Well-Being in Urban Informal Settlements.

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Jason Corburn¹, David Vlahov², Blessing Mberu, Lee W. Riley¹, Waleska T. Caiaffa³, Sabina Faiz Rashid⁴, Albert I. Ko², Sheela Patel, Smurti Jukur, Eliana Martínez-Herrera, Saroj Jayasinghe⁵, Siddharth Agarwal, Blaise Nguendo-Yongsi⁶, Jane Weru, Smith Ouma⁷, Katia Edmundo, Tolu Oni⁸, Tolu Oni⁹, Hany M. Ayad¹⁰ - Show less +15 more•Institutions (10)

University of California, Berkeley¹, Yale University², Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais³, BRAC University⁴, University of Colombo⁵, University of Yaoundé II⁶, Cardiff University⁷, University of Cape Town⁸, University of Cambridge⁹, Alexandria University¹⁰

24 Apr 2020-Journal of Urban Health-bulletin of The New York Academy of Medicine

TL;DR: A set of practice and policy suggestions that aim to dampen the spread of COVID-19 based on the latest available science, improve the likelihood of medical care for the urban poor whether or not they get infected, and provide economic, social, and physical improvements and protections to the urbanpoor that can improve their long-term well-being are offered.

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Abstract: The informal settlements of the Global South are the least prepared for the pandemic of COVID-19 since basic needs such as water, toilets, sewers, drainage, waste collection, and secure and adequate housing are already in short supply or non-existent. Further, space constraints, violence, and overcrowding in slums make physical distancing and self-quarantine impractical, and the rapid spread of an infection highly likely. Residents of informal settlements are also economically vulnerable during any COVID-19 responses. Any responses to COVID-19 that do not recognize these realities will further jeopardize the survival of large segments of the urban population globally. Most top-down strategies to arrest an infectious disease will likely ignore the often-robust social groups and knowledge that already exist in many slums. Here, we offer a set of practice and policy suggestions that aim to (1) dampen the spread of COVID-19 based on the latest available science, (2) improve the likelihood of medical care for the urban poor whether or not they get infected, and (3) provide economic, social, and physical improvements and protections to the urban poor, including migrants, slum communities, and their residents, that can improve their long-term well-being. Immediate measures to protect residents of urban informal settlements, the homeless, those living in precarious settlements, and the entire population from COVID-19 include the following: (1) institute informal settlements/slum emergency planning committees in every urban informal settlement; (2) apply an immediate moratorium on evictions; (3) provide an immediate guarantee of payments to the poor; (4) immediately train and deploy community health workers; (5) immediately meet Sphere Humanitarian standards for water, sanitation, and hygiene; (6) provide immediate food assistance; (7) develop and implement a solid waste collection strategy; and (8) implement immediately a plan for mobility and health care. Lessons have been learned from earlier pandemics such as HIV and epidemics such as Ebola. They can be applied here. At the same time, the opportunity exists for public health, public administration, international aid, NGOs, and community groups to innovate beyond disaster response and move toward long-term plans.

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393 citations

Cites background from "Nutritional contribution of street ..."

...Schools often provide essential nutrition and meals for children living in slums, and closing those institutions may deny children access to their only consistent meals [71] ....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Street vendors and cities

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Sally Roever, Caroline Skinner

08 Aug 2016-Environment and Urbanization

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors synthesize recent research and evidence on urban policies and local government practices as they relate to street vending, one of the most visible occupations in the informal economy.

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Abstract: This paper synthesizes recent research and evidence on urban policies and local government practices as they relate to street vending, one of the most visible occupations in the informal economy. It presents the latest available evidence on the size, composition and contribution of street vending, and reviews the rich literature on street vending as well as media coverage reflecting the extent of exclusionary policies and practices. While many analyses explore the reasons behind evictions and relocations through case studies, this paper draws on participatory methods and surveys to examine the more “everyday” challenges that street vendors face, even when licensed. The data demonstrate the livelihood impacts of generalized workplace insecurity, harassment and confiscation of merchandise on street vendors’ earnings, assets and time. We briefly explore the models of organizing and policy approaches in Ahmedabad, India and Lima, Peru, where collective action among vendors has resulted in more innovative poli...

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139 citations

Book•

The Safe Food Imperative: Accelerating Progress in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

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Steven Jaffee, Spencer Henson, Laurian J. Unnevehr, Delia Grace, Emilie Cassou - Show less +1 more

20 Dec 2018

TL;DR: In this article, food safety is linked in direct and indirect ways to achieving many of the Sustainable Development Goals, especially those on ending hunger and poverty, and promoting good health and well-being.

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Abstract: Food safety is linked in direct and indirect ways to achieving many of the Sustainable Development Goals, especially those on ending hunger and poverty, and promoting good health and well-being. Food and nutritional security are realized only when the essential elements of a healthy diet are safe to eat, and when consumers recognize this. The safety of food is vital for the growth and transformation of agriculture, which are needed to feed a growing and more prosperous world population, for the modernization of national food systems, and for a country's efficient integration into regional and international markets. The safety of food is the result of the actions or inactions of many stakeholders operating under diverse environmental, infrastructure, and socio-political conditions. These stakeholders include farmers, food handlers and distributors, food manufacturers, food service operators, consumers, regulators, scientists, educators, and the media. Their behavior can be shaped by their awareness of food safety hazards; their technical, financial, and other capabilities to apply effective mitigating practices; and prevailing rules, incentives, and other motivators. Food safety outcomes can be strongly influenced by policies, investments, and other interventions. These alter the awareness, capabilities, and practices of stakeholders, from farm to fork. Well-functioning markets can provide incentives for farmers and food business operators to supply products that match the safety characteristics consumers demand. Even so, there are many circumstances stemming from problems of information and costs where pure market signals fail and additional measures are needed. Problems of information include the actual attributes of food products, and the location and origins of food safety hazards.

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130 citations

Cites background from "Nutritional contribution of street ..."

...In many Sub-Saharan Africa, street food accounts for over 50 percent of food intake (Steyn et al. 2014), and it is estimated that 2....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Food safety and hygiene practices of vendors during the chain of street food production in Florianopolis, Brazil: A cross-sectional study

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Rayza Dal Molin Cortese¹, Marcela Boro Veiros², Marcela Boro Veiros¹, Charles Feldman², Suzi Barletto Cavalli¹ - Show less +1 more•Institutions (2)

Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina¹, Montclair State University²

01 Apr 2016-Food Control

TL;DR: A need for improvements of the environmental conditions at these sites to prevent foodborne diseases is indicated and specific local and national laws for street food need to be created to protect the consumer, and continuous training of vendors could help address the lack of food quality and safety.

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118 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Urban governance and urban food systems in Africa: Examining the linkages

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Warren Smit¹•Institutions (1)

University of Cape Town¹

01 Oct 2016-Cities

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examine what we know about urban governance and urban food systems in Africa, based on a review of the relevant literature, and examine the existing processes through which urban food system are governed.

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104 citations

Cites background from "Nutritional contribution of street ..."

...Street food vendors play an important role in providing a variety of food for the urban poor (Dixon et al., 2007; Njaya, 2014; Steyn et al., 2013; van't Riet et al., 2001), but, whereas traders in market places have some protection, as a result of numbers and some form of official recognition,…...
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...Street food vendors play an important role in providing a variety of food for the urban poor (Dixon et al., 2007; Njaya, 2014; Steyn et al., 2013; van't Riet et al., 2001), but, whereas traders in market places have some protection, as a result of numbers and some form of official recognition, street traders are much more vulnerable....
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References

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Open Access

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Journal Article•DOI•

Obesity in children and young people: a crisis in public health.

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Tim Lobstein, Louise A. Baur, Ricardo Uauy

01 May 2004-Obesity Reviews

TL;DR: The present report has been written to focus attention on the issue and to urge policy-makers to consider taking action before it is too late.

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Abstract: Ten per cent of the world’s school-aged children are estimated to be carrying excess body fat (Fig. 1), with an increased risk for developing chronic disease. Of these overweight children, a quarter are obese, with a significant likelihood of some having multiple risk factors for type 2 diabetes, heart disease and a variety of other co-morbidities before or during early adulthood. The prevalence of overweight is dramatically higher in economically developed regions, but is rising significantly in most parts of the world. In many countries the problem of childhood obesity is worsening at a dramatic rate. Surveys during the 1990s show that in Brazil and the USA, an additional 0.5% of the entire child population became overweight each year. In Canada, Australia and parts of Europe the rates were higher, with an additional 1% of all children becoming overweight each year. The burden upon the health services cannot yet be estimated. Although childhood obesity brings a number of additional problems in its train – hyperinsulinaemia, poor glucose tolerance and a raised risk of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, sleep apnoea, social exclusion and depression – the greatest health problems will be seen in the next generation of adults as the present childhood obesity epidemic passes through to adulthood. Greatly increased rates of heart disease, diabetes, certain cancers, gall bladder disease, osteoarthritis, endocrine disorders and other obesityrelated conditions will be found in young adult populations, and their need for medical treatment may last for their remaining life-times. The costs to the health services, the losses to society and the burdens carried by the individuals involved will be great. The present report has been written to focus attention on the issue and to urge policy-makers to consider taking action before it is too late. Specifically, the report:

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3,953 citations

"Nutritional contribution of street ..." refers background in this paper

...This is especially important in terms of the increase in the prevalence of obesity in many developing countries, particularly the increase in children and adolescents((7,8))....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Working Women in an Urban Setting: Traders, Vendors and Food Security in Accra

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Carol Levin¹, Marie T. Ruel¹, Saul Sutkover Morris¹, Daniel Maxwell, Margaret Armar-Klemesu, Clement Ahiadeke - Show less +2 more•Institutions (1)

International Food Policy Research Institute¹

01 Nov 1999-World Development

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used data collected from a 1997 household survey carried out in Accra, Ghana to look at the crucial role that women play as income earners and securing access to food in urban areas.

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314 citations

"Nutritional contribution of street ..." refers background in this paper

...…(1995)(12) There were no significant differences in energy intake between men of high or low mobility (distance to travel) within the low-SES group Levin et al. (1999)(18); Oguntona and Tella (1999)(19); Mwangi et al. (2002)(20) Daily expenditure on SF was highest in middle- and high-SES areas....
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...(1999)((18)); Oguntona and Tella (1999)((19)); Mwangi et al....
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...When discussing different food groups sold as street foods it needs to be recognized that urban dwellers have a more varied diet and consume more processed foods, animal protein and fats than rural dwellers((18))....
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...(1999)((18)) Accra, Ghana 559 households & 2835 persons All ages M, F Questionnaire Oguntona and Tella (1999)((19)) Abeokuta and Odeda, Nigeria 197 market women Adults F 3 3 24 h recalls & structured questionnaire Mwangi et al....
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...(1999)((18)) Mean energy available per adult equivalent was 11 046 kJ/d (2640 kcal/d)....
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Journal Article•DOI•

International activities in street foods

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R.J. Dawson¹, C Canet¹•Institutions (1)

Food and Agriculture Organization¹

01 Jul 1991-Food Control

TL;DR: In this paper, the socio-economic and sanitary aspects of street foods are summarized, and specific recommendations to improve the situation in street foods were also presented, in particular specific recommendations for street foods.

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108 citations

"Nutritional contribution of street ..." refers background in this paper

...Women with an income of their own derived more energy from SF than women without an income of their own (22 %EI v. 13 %EI) Dawson and Canet (1991)(34) No socio-economic characteristics were significantly associated with low mean probability of adequacy of micronutrients Piaseu and Mitchell (2004)(37); Fourere et al. (2000)(38) The highest frequent consumption ($2/week) of SF was in the middle-SES category (14?...
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...13 %EI) Dawson and Canet (1991)((34)) No socio-economic characteristics were significantly associated with low mean probability of adequacy of micronutrients Piaseu and Mitchell (2004)((37)); Fourere et al....
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...Women with an income of their own derived more energy from SF than women without an income of their own (22 %EI v. 13 %EI) Dawson and Canet (1991)(34) No socio-economic characteristics were significantly associated with low mean probability of adequacy of micronutrients Piaseu and Mitchell…...
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...Furthermore, poor P u b lic H ea lt h N u tr it io n Table 3 Association of street food consumption with socio-economic status Reference SF intake and SES Webb and Hyatt (1988)(10) Energy and protein intakes were highest in high- and middle-income tuition schools and in ages 16–19 years Chakravarty and Canet (1996)(6) Consumers spent RS 40–400/month on SF Oguntona and Kanye (1995)(12) There were no significant differences in energy intake between men of high or low mobility (distance to travel) within the low-SES group Levin et al. (1999)(18); Oguntona and Tella (1999)(19); Mwangi et al. (2002)(20) Daily expenditure on SF was highest in middle- and high-SES areas....
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...According to Dawson and Canet(34), among lower-income groups in many developing countries 50–70% of household earnings are spent on street foods....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Factors which influence the consumption of street foods and fast foods in South Africa-a national survey

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Nelia P. Steyn¹, Demetre Labadarios¹, Johanna H. Nel²•Institutions (2)

Human Sciences Research Council¹, Stellenbosch University²

04 Oct 2011-Nutrition Journal

TL;DR: A large percentage of the population purchase street foods and fast foods in South Africa, and consumption of fast foods and street foods were influenced by a number of socio-demographic factors including ownership of major home appliances.

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Abstract: Very little is known about street food and fast food consumption patterns in South Africa despite this being a large sector of the national economy in terms of employment provided and sales of food. The objective of this study was to determine the use of street foods and fast foods purchased by South Africans living in different provinces and geographic areas. A cross-sectional survey was conducted. Structured interview-administered questionnaires in 11 official languages were conducted at the participants' homes. A nationally representative sample (n = 3287) was drawn from all ethnic groups, and provinces including participants 16 years and older. Logistic regression was done to evaluate factors impacting on fast food consumption. Frequent (2 ≥ times/week) street food consumption ranged from 1.8% in Northern Cape to 20.6% in Limpopo; frequent (2 ≥ times/week) fast food consumption ranged between 1.5% in North West Province to 14.7% in Gauteng. The highest intake of street food was in the medium socio-economic category (14.7%) while the highest intake of fast foods was in the high socio-economic category (13.2%). Overall, fruit was the most commonly purchased street food by all ethnic groups over the previous week although this practice was highest in black participants (35.8%). Purchases of soft drinks ranged from 4.8% in whites to 16.4% in blacks and savoury snacks from 2.3% to 14.5% in whites and blacks, respectively. Consumption of fast foods and street foods were influenced by a number of socio-demographic factors including ownership of major home appliances. Frequent fast food consumers had a significantly higher dietary diversity score (4.69; p < 0.0001) while frequent street food consumers had a significantly lower score (3.81; p < 0.0001). A large percentage of the population purchase street foods and fast foods. This is of some concern when one notes the high prevalence of soft drink consumption in terms of its association with obesity and non-communicable diseases. These findings need to be taken into consideration when evaluating dietary patterns and nutritional adequacy of population diets.

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107 citations

"Nutritional contribution of street ..." refers background in this paper

...(2011)((28)) Employment status and distance to place of work were two determinants of SF consumption in men in Korogocho....
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...1 d/week Steyn et al. (2011)(28) Employment status and distance to place of work were two determinants of SF consumption in men in Korogocho....
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...A national study on street foods in South Africa((27,28)) indicated that moderate street food intake was highest in the middle...
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...(2011)((28)) Since fruit was most commonly consumed as a SF one can speculate that it would contribute to micronutrient intakes of those in high category of consumers, namely Africans....
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...A national study in South Africa reported that Africans were the most common consumers of street foods with 19 % consuming them at least twice weekly(27,28)....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Composition of Core Foods of the U.S. Food Supply, 1982-1991: III. Copper, Manganese, Selenium, and Iodine

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J.A.T. Pennington, S.A. Schoen, G.D. Salmon, B. Young, R.D. Johnson, R.W. Marts - Show less +2 more

01 Jun 1995-Journal of Food Composition and Analysis

TL;DR: In this article, information on the levels of four elements in the 234 foods analyzed as part of the Food and Drug Administration's Total Diet Study from 1982 to 1991 was provided. Median and mean (± standard deviation) values are presented for the elements per 100g and per serving portion.

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101 citations