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Journal ArticleDOI

Nutritional properties of microalgae for mariculture

15 May 1997-Aquaculture (Elsevier)-Vol. 151, pp 315-331
TL;DR: This work has studied the biochemical composition of about 40 species of microalgae from seven algal classes to define those that may be best adapted to the Australian conditions.
About: This article is published in Aquaculture.The article was published on 1997-05-15. It has received 992 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Polyunsaturated fatty acid & Ascorbic acid.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The various aspects associated with the design of microalgae production units are described, giving an overview of the current state of development of algae cultivation systems (photo-bioreactors and open ponds).
Abstract: Sustainable production of renewable energy is being hotly debated globally since it is increasingly understood that first generation biofuels, primarily produced from food crops and mostly oil seeds are limited in their ability to achieve targets for biofuel production, climate change mitigation and economic growth. These concerns have increased the interest in developing second generation biofuels produced from non-food feedstocks such as microalgae, which potentially offer greatest opportunities in the longer term. This paper reviews the current status of microalgae use for biodiesel production, including their cultivation, harvesting, and processing. The microalgae species most used for biodiesel production are presented and their main advantages described in comparison with other available biodiesel feedstocks. The various aspects associated with the design of microalgae production units are described, giving an overview of the current state of development of algae cultivation systems (photo-bioreactors and open ponds). Other potential applications and products from microalgae are also presented such as for biological sequestration of CO 2 , wastewater treatment, in human health, as food additive, and for aquaculture.

5,158 citations


Cites background from "Nutritional properties of microalga..."

  • ...Microalgae can also be used for culturing several types of zooplankton (rotifers, cladocerans, brine shrimp or copepods) used as live food in crustacean and finfish farming [89,128,129]....

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  • ...These microalgae are currently being cultivated by several companies, in both Israel and Australia, as sources of these compounds and as dietary supplements and powders, containing vitamins A and C [128]....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors reviewed the technologies underpinning microalgae-to-bio-fuels systems, focusing on the biomass production, harvesting, conversion technologies, and the extraction of useful co-products.
Abstract: Sustainability is a key principle in natural resource management, and it involves operational efficiency, minimisation of environmental impact and socio-economic considerations; all of which are interdependent. It has become increasingly obvious that continued reliance on fossil fuel energy resources is unsustainable, owing to both depleting world reserves and the green house gas emissions associated with their use. Therefore, there are vigorous research initiatives aimed at developing alternative renewable and potentially carbon neutral solid, liquid and gaseous biofuels as alternative energy resources. However, alternate energy resources akin to first generation biofuels derived from terrestrial crops such as sugarcane, sugar beet, maize and rapeseed place an enormous strain on world food markets, contribute to water shortages and precipitate the destruction of the world's forests. Second generation biofuels derived from lignocellulosic agriculture and forest residues and from non-food crop feedstocks address some of the above problems; however there is concern over competing land use or required land use changes. Therefore, based on current knowledge and technology projections, third generation biofuels specifically derived from microalgae are considered to be a technically viable alternative energy resource that is devoid of the major drawbacks associated with first and second generation biofuels. Microalgae are photosynthetic microorganisms with simple growing requirements (light, sugars, CO 2 , N, P, and K) that can produce lipids, proteins and carbohydrates in large amounts over short periods of time. These products can be processed into both biofuels and valuable co-products. This study reviewed the technologies underpinning microalgae-to-biofuels systems, focusing on the biomass production, harvesting, conversion technologies, and the extraction of useful co-products. It also reviewed the synergistic coupling of microalgae propagation with carbon sequestration and wastewater treatment potential for mitigation of environmental impacts associated with energy conversion and utilisation. It was found that, whereas there are outstanding issues related to photosynthetic efficiencies and biomass output, microalgae-derived biofuels could progressively substitute a significant proportion of the fossil fuels required to meet the growing energy demand.

4,432 citations


Cites background from "Nutritional properties of microalga..."

  • ...The main applications for algal biomass in aquaculture are: fish feed [195] including larval nutrition for molluscs or peneid shrimp [196]; colouring for farmed salmonids [196]; stabilisation and improvement of quality of culture medium (‘green-water’ technique) [197]; inducement of essential biological activities in bred aquatic species [196]; and enhancement of the immune systems of fish [192]....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The first use of microalgae by humans dates back 2000 years to the Chinese, who used Nostoc to survive during famine, while future research should focus on the improvement of production systems and the genetic modification of strains.

3,793 citations


Cites background from "Nutritional properties of microalga..."

  • ...Microalgae are required for larval nutrition during a brief period, either for direct consumption in the case of molluscs and peneid shrimp or indirectly as food for the live prey fed to small fish larvae (16, 35)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The ability of these CO2 consuming microalgae to purify biogas and concentrate methane is discussed, and anaerobic digestion of the whole biomass appears to be the optimal strategy on an energy balance basis for the energetic recovery of cell biomass.

1,153 citations


Cites background from "Nutritional properties of microalga..."

  • ...Theseorganismshaveproportionsof proteins (6–52%), lipids (7–23%) and carbohydrates (5–23%) that are strongly species dependent (Brown et al., 1997)....

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  • ...%) that are strongly species dependent (Brown et al., 1997)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This study examines the principles involved in lipid extraction from microalgal cells, a crucial downstream processing step in the production of microAlgal biodiesel, and analyzes the different technological options currently available for laboratory-scale microalGal lipid extraction, with a primary focus on the prospect of organic solvent and supercritical fluid extraction.

905 citations


Cites background from "Nutritional properties of microalga..."

  • ...Microalgal lipid composition also varies considerably from one species to another (Brown et al., 1997)....

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  • ...Microalgal lipid content varies considerably from one species to another and could range, in terms of dry biomass, from 5 to 77 wt.% (Brown et al., 1997; Chisti, 2007)....

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  • ...Brown et al. (1997) studied the nutritional properties of 40 different Australian microalgal species and concluded that they comprise, as a weight fraction of dry cell mass, between 5 and 20% lipids....

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References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a method was developed to determine submicro amounts of sugars and related substances using a phenol-sulfuric acid reaction, which is useful for the determination of the composition of polysaccharides and their methyl derivatives.
Abstract: Simple sugars, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, and their derivatives, including the methyl ethers with free or potentially free reducing groups, give an orangeyellow color w-hen treated with phenol and concentrated sulfuric acid. The reaction is sensitive and the color is stable. By use of this phenol-sulfuric acid reaction, a method has been developed to determine submicro amounts of sugars and related substances. In conjunction with paper partition chromatography the method is useful for the determination of the composition of polysaccharides and their methyl derivatives.

45,381 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The derivatization method is rapid, efficient, sensitive, and specific for the analysis of primary and secondary amino acids in protein hydrolyzates and the liquid chromatographic system allows for the rapid, bonded-phase separation with ultraviolet detection of the common amino acids.

2,397 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a simple and rapid method for the preparation of alditol acetates from monosaccharides is described, which can be performed in a single tube without transfers or evaporations.

1,880 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Fatty acids were four to six times more abundant than Chl a in most species but triacyglycerols were abundant only in Chaetoceros gracilis, Isochrysis sp.

1,033 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The EFA content ofrotifers supplied with yeast during the culture period was less favourable for larval fish growth than that of rotifers given marine Chlorella, and the nutritional value of yeast-fed rotifer may be improved by the use of the recently developed ω-yeast or by feeding with a mixture of homogenized lipids and baker's yeast.

793 citations


Additional excerpts

  • ...to fish larvae) via intermediary zooplankton (Watanabe et al., 1983)....

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