Nutritional quality of sunflower seed protein fraction extracted with isopropanol.
01 Jan 2000-Plant Foods for Human Nutrition (Kluwer Academic Publishers)-Vol. 55, Iss: 3, pp 265-278
TL;DR: Rats fed SSPF and SM did not show much variation in plasma lipids, plasmaproteins, liver and brain lipids and membrane phospholipid concentrations, suggesting that the nutritional value of S SPF is better than SM and equivalent to that of casein.
Abstract: This study investigated the nutritional effect of sunflower seed proteinfraction (SSPF) extracted with isopropanol on growth, plasma and tissuelipid profile, protein content and erythrocyte membrane lipid profile ofrats. Dehulled sunflower seeds were extracted with isopropanol at 50±1 °C resulting in a protein fraction (71.5%) with low residualchlorogenic acid (0.07%) and fiber (3.3%) contents. Rats fed thesunflower seed protein fraction had a similar body weight gain and foodefficiency ratios in comparison to those fed casein. Rats fed SSPF incontrast had a significantly higher growth and food efficiency ratio thanthe rats fed sunflower meal (SM), extracted with hexane. However,dietary proteins exerted a separate effect on plasma total cholesterol,low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, low density lipoprotein to highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C/HDL-C) ratio and triglyceridecontent. Sunflower seed protein fraction resulted in a significantdecrease in plasma cholesterol (p < 0.05) and LDL-cholesterol (p <0.02) levels compared to the casein fed rats. Membrane phospholipidprofile also showed a marked variation with the type of dietary protein.Rats fed SSPF and SM did not show much variation in plasma lipids, plasmaproteins, liver and brain lipids and membrane phospholipid concentrations.Protein content, liver and brain lipid profile of the groups fed SSPF andcasein were comparable, suggesting that the nutritional value of SSPF isbetter than SM and equivalent to that of casein.
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TL;DR: In Mexico, Guerrero, Michoacan and Chiapas states have over 90% of the toxic Jatropha curcas, while edible (not toxic) provenances exist in northern Puebla and Veracruz (Totonacapan region) as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: In Mexico, Jatropha curcas is widely distributed. It is found in the wild in more than 15 states. To our knowledge it is the only country where toxic and non-toxic genotypes of J. curcas occur naturally. Guerrero, Michoacan and Chiapas states have over 90% of the toxic J. curcas, while edible (not toxic) provenances exist in northern Puebla and Veracruz (Totonacapan region). They grow in different growing conditions from 10 to 1430 msl, annual rainfall of 621 to 2500 mm, and in hot humid, sub-humid, and transitional climates. The kernel weight of seeds (as percent of seeds) from Chiapas was 74.4% and 73.7% from Suchiapa and Villaflores respectively, and it was 61 to 69.7%from the other regions. There was a large variation in the contents of crude protein (CP) in kernels (1933%); Huitzilan had the smallest content of (18.8%) and Villaflores the highest (33.3%). The oil content in the kernel was from 46 to 64%, the lowest for Villaflores (45.9%) and highest for Huitzilan (64.5%). The protein digestibility of the kernel meal was from 73 to 80%. Trypsin inhibitor activity in the kernel meal ranged from 30-35 mg/g, phytic acid from 7.3 to 9.3%, saponins from 1.1 to 3.7%, and lectin activity from 1.56 to 12.5 mg/ml. The highest concentration of phorbolesters was in Chiapa de Corzo (4.05 mg/g). Seven samples from Veracruz, Puebla and Morelos were free of phorbolesters. J. curcas kernels
63 citations
TL;DR: It was possible to totally replace menhaden fish meal with a mixture of vegetable proteins (72% of total dietary protein) when diets contained a relatively low percentage of animal protein (28% based on blood meal and chicken viscera meal) without negative effects.
Abstract: The study was undertaken to evaluate the growth performance and feed utilization of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus, fed six diets (D) in which fishmeal (FM) was gradually replaced by a mixture of local plant by-products. In diets 1 and 2, FM (250 g kg-1) was replaced by sunflower oil cake (SFOC). In diets 3 and 4, FM (250 and 150 g kg-1, respectively) was replaced by SFOC and bean meal (BM) while FM was totally substituted by a mixture of groundnut oil cake (GOC), BM and SFOC in diets 5 and 6. Sunflower oil cake was cooked, soaked or dehulled in order to determine the appropriate processing techniques for improving the SFOC nutritive value and to evaluate the apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) values of the alternative diets. No significant differences were observed for daily feed intake, weight gain, specific growth rate (SGR) and feed efficiency (FE) among fish fed D1, D2, D3 (250 g kg-1 FM), D4 (150 g kg-1 FM) and D6 (0 g kg-1 FM). The highest SGR (3.2% per day) and FE (1.2) were achieved in fish fed D3, and the lowest in fish fed D5 (0% FM), suggesting a maximum acceptable dietary concentration of hulled SFOC below 250 g kg-1 in African catfish juveniles. Protein efficiency ratio ranged from 2.2 to 3.2 for all dietary treatments and was positively influenced by FM inclusion. African catfish were able to digest plant protein very efficiently in all diets tested. ADC of protein ranged from 88.6 to 89.5%, while ADC of energy was relatively low for diets containing hulled sunflower oilcake (71-74%) and high when sunflower oilcake was dehulled (78.6-81.3%). Similarly, ADC of dry matter was higher when sunflower was dehulled (72.1%) when compared with crude SFOC (60.5%). Soaking increased ADC values for neutral detergent fibre (NDF), dry matter, energy, protein and amino acids (AA). There were no significant differences in protein ADCs (88-90%) with increased levels of dietary vegetable ingredients. Both soaking and dehulling of sunflower before incorporation helped in the reduction of NDF, antitrypsin and tannins. Digestibility of all AA was generally high, greater than 90% for both indispensable and non-indispensable AA. Based on the data obtained, it was possible to totally replace menhaden fish meal with a mixture of vegetable proteins (72% of total dietary protein) when diets contained a relatively low percentage of animal protein (28% based on blood meal and chicken viscera meal) without negative effects.
58 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a laboratory procedure to produce an antioxidant from grinded, dehulled and partially defatted sunflower seeds was described, which consisted in hydrolysis of sunflower seed phenols with 1.25 N NaOH at room temperature for 60 min and finally the recovery of caffeic acid formed from chlorogenic acid with ethyl acetate.
Abstract: This article explains a laboratory procedure to produce an antioxidant from grinded, dehulled and partially defatted sunflower seeds. Initially, a solvent suitable to extract phenols was searched among different solutions of water mixed with ethanol, methanol and acetone at 40% (vol/vol) (each tested at pH 5, 7 and 9). Both the ethanol/water 60:40 (vol/vol) and the acetone/water 60:40 (vol/vol) mixtures proved to be suitable for the dephenolization of sunflower seed shells, but in the next steps of this research, the mixture ethanol/water 60:40 (vol/vol) at pH 5 was used. Secondly, the procedure to obtain the antioxidant product was defined, which consisted in hydrolysis of sunflower seed phenols with 1.25 N NaOH at room temperature for 60 min and finally the recovery of caffeic acid formed from chlorogenic acid with ethyl acetate. From 25 g of partially defatted sunflower shells, around 90 mg of powdery antioxidant product, consisting of 58% caffeic acid, was obtained. The antioxidant product, the caffeic acid standard and propyl gallate were added to different edible fats at the same dose of 240 AU (antioxidant units) per kg fat. A Rancimat test, at 130 °C and an air flow of 20 L h−1, demonstrated that the effectiveness of the sunflower antioxidant product was essentially similar to that of the caffeic acid standard, but 15–20% lower than that of propyl gallate. In conclusion, dephenolization of sunflower seeds could be economically convenient, not only because a useful antioxidant can be produced, but also because the raw material composition can be improved for other uses.
57 citations
Cites background from "Nutritional quality of sunflower se..."
...Recently, some authors have considered the possibility to recover the proteins from sunflower seeds or cakes to use them in food and/or feed processing [10, 11]....
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TL;DR: This work evaluated the chemical composition of the seeds, defatted meal and oil quality of two new varieties of Sunflower varieties developed by Embrapa Soybean, aimed at evaluating their chemical composition and protein quality.
Abstract: SUMMARY Sunflower is the world fourth most important source of edible oil, after palm oil, soybean and rapeseed/canola. Sunflower acreage in Brazil has been consolidated due to the constant efforts in genetic and agronomical studies carried out by Brazilian research institutions. Although easily adapted to many Brazilian regions, genetic and agronomical improvements were needed so that economically viable crops could be harvested. Sunflower varieties with interesting oil composition as well as noteworthy protein quality were obtained. As part of these efforts, two new varieties were developed by Embrapa Soybean, Embrapa 122 V2000 and Embrapa F2 BRS 191. This work was aimed at evaluating the chemical composition of the seeds, defatted meal and oil quality of these varieties. The oil content varied from 44 to 52% in F2 BRS and from 36 to 47% in E 122. Linoleic (62-69%) and oleic (20-25%) were the major fatty acids in both varieties. The protein content of the defatted meal ranged from 28 to 32%. Slight differences were observed in amino acids profile, sterols and chlorogenic acid content.
43 citations
Cites background from "Nutritional quality of sunflower se..."
...Presence of chlorogenic acid also causes color alteration that could impair the acceptability of the product (Sen and Bhattacharyya, 2000)....
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...Small variations are described in the literature by Canibe et al. (1999), Stringhini et al. (2000) and Sen and Bhattacharyya (2000)....
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01 Jan 2018
TL;DR: Methods to reduce antinutritional factors which include fiber, protease inhibitors, oxalic acid, phytic acid, phenolic compounds and glycosides and glucosides are presented.
Abstract: Many oilseeds, including the aster family (Asteraceae), the mustard family (Brassicaceae) as well as less traditional oilseeds such as flax, hemp, and sesame contain sufficient protein to be of value for human consumption. Utilization of these protein sources, however, is often limited by the presence of a range of antinutritional factors which include fiber, protease inhibitors, oxalic acid, phytic acid, phenolic compounds and glycosides and glucosides. Methods to reduce these compounds are presented though protein purification is often an effective approach to accomplish this. Adequate technofunctional properties are also critical to the successful utilization of these proteins; chemical, and enzymatic techniques have been used to improve these properties or produce products with specific health benefits. Examples of foods containing these proteins have been presented as well, an indication of the potential for these proteins in future applications.
21 citations
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...Protein analysis. Using the standard methods, total protein [20] and albumin [ 21 ] in the blood were determined....
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