O'nyong-nyong fever: an epidemic virus diesease in east africa. vii. virus isolations from man and serological studies up to july 1961.
01 Mar 1965-Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene (Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg)-Vol. 59, Iss: 2, pp 186-197
About: This article is published in Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.The article was published on 1965-03-01. It has received 51 citations till now.
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TL;DR: "Lynne arthritis" is thought to be a previously unrecognized clinical entity, the epidemiology of which suggests transmission by an arthropod vector.
Abstract: An epidemic form of arthritis has been occurring in eastern Connecticut at least since 1972, with the peak incidence of new cases in the summer and early fall. Its identification has been possible because of tight geographic clustering in some areas, and because of a characteristic preceding skin lesion in some patients. The authors studied 51 residents of three contiguous Connecticut communities -- 39 children and 12 adults -- who developed an illness characterized by recurrent attacks of asymmetric swelling and pain in a few large joints, especially the knee. Attacks were usually short (median: 1 week) with much longer intervening periods of complete remission (median: 2.5 months), but some attacks lasted for months. To date the typical patient has had three recurrences, but 16 patients have had none. A median of 4 weeks (range: 1-24) before the onset of arthritis, 13 patients (25%) noted an erythematous papule that developed into an expanding, red, annular lesion, as much as 50 cm in diameter. Only 2 of 159 family members of patients had such a lesion and did not develop arthritis (P less than 0.000001). The overalll prevalence of the arthritis was 4.3 cases per 1,000 residents, but the prevalence among children living on four roads was 1 in 10. Six families had more than 1 affected member. Nine of 20 symptomatic patients had low serum C3 levels, compared to none of 31 asymptomatic patients (P less than 0.005); no patient had iridocyclitis or a positive test for antinuclear antibodies. Neither cultures of synovium and synovial fluid nor serologic tests were positive for agents known to cause arthritis. "Lynne arthritis" is thought to be a previously unrecognized clinical entity, the epidemiology of which suggests transmission by an arthropod vector.
1,150 citations
TL;DR: This work demonstrates the development of a mouse model of CHIKV infection with clinical manifestations and histopathologic findings that are consistent with the disease signs of Chikungunya virus-infected humans, providing a useful tool for studying viral and host factors that drive CHikV pathogenesis and for evaluating potential therapeutics against this emerging viral disease.
Abstract: Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an emerging mosquito-borne Alphavirus, causes debilitating rheumatic disease in humans that can last for weeks to months. Starting in 2004, a CHIKV outbreak in the Indian Ocean region affected millions of people, and infected travelers introduced CHIKV to new regions. The pathogenesis of CHIKV is poorly understood, and no approved vaccines or specific therapies exist. A major challenge to the study of CHIKV disease is the lack of a small animal model that recapitulates the major outcomes of human infection. In this study, the pathogenesis of CHIKV in C57BL/6J mice was investigated using biological and molecular clones of CHIKV isolated from human serum (CHIKV SL15649). After 14-day-old mice were inoculated with CHIKV SL15649 in the footpad, they displayed reduced weight gain and swelling of the inoculated limb. Histologic analysis of hind limb sections revealed severe necrotizing myositis, mixed inflammatory cell arthritis, chronic active tenosynovitis, and multifocal vasculitis. Interestingly, these disease signs and viral RNA persisted in musculoskeletal tissues for at least 3 weeks after inoculation. This work demonstrates the development of a mouse model of CHIKV infection with clinical manifestations and histopathologic findings that are consistent with the disease signs of CHIKV-infected humans, providing a useful tool for studying viral and host factors that drive CHIKV pathogenesis and for evaluating potential therapeutics against this emerging viral disease.
233 citations
Cites background from "O'nyong-nyong fever: an epidemic vi..."
...These viruses are an emerging threat because of their ability to initiate explosive epidemics,(3,5) including a 1979–1980 epidemic of Ross River fever in the South Pacific, which involved more than 60,000 patients,(3) and a 1959–1962 epidemic of O’nyong-nyong fever in Africa, which involved at least 2 million patients.(6) In 2004, reemergence of CHIKV resulted in an epidemic that caused millions of cases in multiple countries in the Indian Ocean region, including 270,000 cases on Reunion Island and an estimated 1....
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TL;DR: A retrospective review of medical records, microbiology and pathology laboratory records, and nosocomial infection surveillance data was undertaken to describe the experience with culture-documented aspergillus infection in pediatric cancer patients at a facility.
Abstract: A retrospective review of medical records, microbiology and pathology laboratory records, and nosocomial infection surveillance data was undertaken to describe the experience with culture-documented aspergillus infection in pediatric cancer patients at our facility. Sixty-six patients were identified from a 34-year period. The most common underlying diagnosis was leukemia. Risk factors included neutropenia, immunosuppression, and prior antibiotic therapy. On the basis of clinical presentation, 23 patients were believed to have disseminated disease and 43 to have localized disease. The lung was the most frequently affected organ. Despite aggressive medical and surgical management, overall mortality was 85% within the first year after diagnosis. Patients who presented with disease in sites other than the lungs fared better than patients with initial pulmonary involvement (P=.0014). Aspergillosis continues to be associated with poor outcome. Development of improved medical and adjuvant therapies, including surgery, is warranted.
194 citations
TL;DR: The mouse model of RRV disease is established as a useful system for the identification of viral and host factors that contribute to alphavirus-induced arthritis and myositis.
Abstract: Mosquito-borne alphaviruses are a significant cause of both encephalitic and arthritic disease in humans worldwide In contrast to the encephalitic alphaviruses, the pathogenesis of alphavirus-induced arthritic disease is not well understood Utilizing a mouse model of Ross River virus (RRV) disease, we found that the primary targets of RRV infection are bone, joint, and skeletal muscle tissues of the hind limbs in both outbred CD-1 mice and adult C57BL/6J mice Moreover, histological analyses demonstrated that RRV infection resulted in severe inflammation of these tissues Characterization of the inflammatory infiltrate within the skeletal muscle tissue identified inflammatory macrophages, NK cells, and CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes To determine the contribution of the adaptive immune system, the outcome of RRV-induced disease was examined in C57BL/6J RAG-1(-/-) mice, which lack functional T and B lymphocytes RAG-1(-/-) and wild-type mice developed similar disease signs, infiltration of inflammatory macrophages and NK cells, and muscle pathology, suggesting that the adaptive immune response does not play a critical role in the development of disease These results establish the mouse model of RRV disease as a useful system for the identification of viral and host factors that contribute to alphavirus-induced arthritis and myositis
193 citations
Cites background from "O'nyong-nyong fever: an epidemic vi..."
...This is illustrated by an epidemic of Ross River virus disease in the South Pacific which involved greater than 60,000 patients in 1979 to 1980 (13) and a 1959 to 1962 epidemic of O’nyong-nyong fever in Africa which involved at least 2 million patients (39)....
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TL;DR: The data indicate that the recent ONN virus isolate is closely related to the previously published ONN strain isolated in 1959, and phylogenetic analysis of the sequence data reveals that Igbo Ora virus, previously thought to be a separate virus closelyrelated to ONN and Chikungunya, clearly is a strain of ONN.
126 citations