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Book ChapterDOI

Obesity and food addiction

TL;DR: In this article, the applicability of the food addiction model to the context of obesity by highlighting findings from the growing body of neuroscience and behavioral research demonstrating that individuals with obesity consume highly palatable foods in ways that resemble substance abuse disorders, and the differences and similarities between obesity and other addictive behaviors by exploring the instances of comorbidity of both conditions and their common risk factors.
Abstract: There is growing consensus that the addictive processes underpinning problematic eating behavior may be a contributor to the rising rates of obesity and to poor long-term weight loss intervention outcomes. In this article, we will critically review the applicability of the food addiction model to the context of obesity by highlighting findings from the growing body of neuroscience and behavioral research demonstrating that individuals with obesity consume highly palatable foods in ways that resemble substance abuse disorders. Furthermore, this article will examine the differences and similarities between obesity and other addictive behaviors by exploring the instances of comorbidity of both conditions and their common risk factors.
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Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 2019
TL;DR: A critical overview of the main controversies surrounding the food addiction construct by highlighting two opposing perspectives, food addiction conceptualized as a behavioral/eating addiction or substance addiction is presented in this paper.
Abstract: There is significant interest in the food addiction framework and the neurobiological processes underpinning excessive food intake. However, there is lack of consensus regarding the core features of food addiction or whether it constitutes a distinct entity or mental disorder. This chapter offers a critical overview of the main controversies surrounding the food addiction construct by highlighting two opposing perspectives, food addiction conceptualized as a behavioral/eating addiction or substance addiction. More specifically, the chapter examines controversies in food addiction categorization, its prevalence comorbidities, and the diagnostic considerations. Lastly, implications for targeted treatments, policies, and regulatory efforts are discussed.

3 citations

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Reference EntryDOI
11 Jun 2013

113,134 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Lifetime prevalence estimates are higher in recent cohorts than in earlier cohorts and have fairly stable intercohort differences across the life course that vary in substantively plausible ways among sociodemographic subgroups.
Abstract: Context Little is known about lifetime prevalence or age of onset of DSM-IV disorders. Objective To estimate lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the recently completed National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Design and Setting Nationally representative face-to-face household survey conducted between February 2001 and April 2003 using the fully structured World Health Organization World Mental Health Survey version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Participants Nine thousand two hundred eighty-two English-speaking respondents aged 18 years and older. Main Outcome Measures Lifetime DSM-IV anxiety, mood, impulse-control, and substance use disorders. Results Lifetime prevalence estimates are as follows: anxiety disorders, 28.8%; mood disorders, 20.8%; impulse-control disorders, 24.8%; substance use disorders, 14.6%; any disorder, 46.4%. Median age of onset is much earlier for anxiety (11 years) and impulse-control (11 years) disorders than for substance use (20 years) and mood (30 years) disorders. Half of all lifetime cases start by age 14 years and three fourths by age 24 years. Later onsets are mostly of comorbid conditions, with estimated lifetime risk of any disorder at age 75 years (50.8%) only slightly higher than observed lifetime prevalence (46.4%). Lifetime prevalence estimates are higher in recent cohorts than in earlier cohorts and have fairly stable intercohort differences across the life course that vary in substantively plausible ways among sociodemographic subgroups. Conclusions About half of Americans will meet the criteria for a DSM-IV disorder sometime in their life, with first onset usually in childhood or adolescence. Interventions aimed at prevention or early treatment need to focus on youth.

17,213 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The rapid increase in the prevalence and disease burden of elevated BMI highlights the need for continued focus on surveillance of BMI and identification, implementation, and evaluation of evidence‐based interventions to address this problem.
Abstract: BACKGROUND Although the rising pandemic of obesity has received major attention in many countries, the effects of this attention on trends and the disease burden of obesity remain uncertain. METHOD ...

4,519 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper summarizes one view of the process by which drug-taking behavior evolves into compulsive patterns of drug-seeking and drug- taking behavior that take place at the expense of most other activities, and describes the critical neuroadaptations for addiction.
Abstract: The question of addiction concerns the process by which drug-taking behavior, in certain individuals, evolves into compulsive patterns of drug-seeking and drug-taking behavior that take place at the expense of most other activities, and the inability to cease drug-taking, that is, the problem of relapse. In this paper we summarize one view of this process, the “incentive-sensitization” view, which we e rst proposed in 1993. Four major tenets of the incentive-sensitization view are discussed. These are: (1) potentially addictive drugs share the ability to alter brain organization; (2) the brain systems that are altered include those normally involved in the process of incentive motivation and reward; (3) the critical neuroadaptations for addiction render these brain reward systems hypersensitive (“sensitized”) to drugs and drug-associated stimuli; and (4) the brain systems that are sensitized do not mediate the pleasurable or euphoric effects of drugs (drug “liking”), but instead they mediate a subcomponent of reward we have termed incentive salience (drug “wanting”).

1,352 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Imaging studies show that obese subjects might have impairments in dopaminergic pathways that regulate neuronal systems associated with reward sensitivity, conditioning and control, and it is postulated that this could also be a mechanism by which overeating and the resultant resistance to homoeostatic signals impairs the function of circuits involved in reward sensitivity.

1,099 citations