Journal ArticleDOI
Observation of coupled magnetic and electric domains
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TLDR
Spatial maps of coupled antiferromagnetic and ferroelectric domains in YMnO3 are obtained by imaging with optical second harmonic generation and lead to a configuration that is dominated by the ferroelectromagnetic product of the order parameters.Abstract:
Ferroelectromagnets are an interesting group of compounds that complement purely (anti-)ferroelectric or (anti-)ferromagnetic materials--they display simultaneous electric and magnetic order. With this coexistence they supplement materials in which magnetization can be induced by an electric field and electrical polarization by a magnetic field, a property which is termed the magnetoelectric effect. Aside from its fundamental importance, the mutual control of electric and magnetic properties is of significant interest for applications in magnetic storage media and 'spintronics'. The coupled electric and magnetic ordering in ferroelectromagnets is accompanied by the formation of domains and domain walls. However, such a cross-correlation between magnetic and electric domains has so far not been observed. Here we report spatial maps of coupled antiferromagnetic and ferroelectric domains in YMnO3, obtained by imaging with optical second harmonic generation. The coupling originates from an interaction between magnetic and electric domain walls, which leads to a configuration that is dominated by the ferroelectromagnetic product of the order parameters.read more
Citations
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Multiferroic and magnetoelectric materials
TL;DR: A ferroelectric crystal exhibits a stable and switchable electrical polarization that is manifested in the form of cooperative atomic displacements that arises through the quantum mechanical phenomenon of exchange.
Journal ArticleDOI
Epitaxial BiFeO3 multiferroic thin film heterostructures.
Jian Wang,Jeffrey B. Neaton,Haimei Zheng,Valanoor Nagarajan,Satishchandra Ogale,B. T. Liu,Dwight Viehland,V. Vaithyanathan,Darrell G. Schlom,Umesh V. Waghmare,Nicola A. Spaldin,Karin M. Rabe,Manfred Wuttig,Ramamoorthy Ramesh +13 more
TL;DR: Enhanced polarization and related properties in heteroepitaxially constrained thin films of the ferroelectromagnet, BiFeO3, and combined functional responses in thin film form present an opportunity to create and implement thin film devices that actively couple the magnetic and ferroelectric order parameters.
Journal ArticleDOI
Revival of the Magnetoelectric Effect
Abstract: Recent research activities on the linear magnetoelectric (ME) effect?induction of magnetization by an electric field or of polarization by a magnetic field?are reviewed. Beginning with a brief summary of the history of the ME effect since its prediction in 1894, the paper focuses on the present revival of the effect. Two major sources for 'large' ME effects are identified. (i) In composite materials the ME effect is generated as a product property of a magnetostrictive and a piezoelectric compound. A linear ME polarization is induced by a weak ac magnetic field oscillating in the presence of a strong dc bias field. The ME effect is large if the ME coefficient coupling the magnetic and electric fields is large. Experiments on sintered granular composites and on laminated layers of the constituents as well as theories on the interaction between the constituents are described. In the vicinity of electromechanical resonances a ME voltage coefficient of up to 90?V?cm?1?Oe?1 is achieved, which exceeds the ME response of single-phase compounds by 3?5 orders of magnitude. Microwave devices, sensors, transducers and heterogeneous read/write devices are among the suggested technical implementations of the composite ME effect. (ii) In multiferroics the internal magnetic and/or electric fields are enhanced by the presence of multiple long-range ordering. The ME effect is strong enough to trigger magnetic or electrical phase transitions. ME effects in multiferroics are thus 'large' if the corresponding contribution to the free energy is large. Clamped ME switching of electrical and magnetic domains, ferroelectric reorientation induced by applied magnetic fields and induction of ferromagnetic ordering in applied electric fields were observed. Mechanisms favouring multiferroicity are summarized, and multiferroics in reduced dimensions are discussed. In addition to composites and multiferroics, novel and exotic manifestations of ME behaviour are investigated. This includes (i) optical second harmonic generation as a tool to study magnetic, electrical and ME properties in one setup and with access to domain structures; (ii) ME effects in colossal magnetoresistive manganites, superconductors and phosphates of the LiMPO4 type; (iii) the concept of the toroidal moment as manifestation of a ME dipole moment; (iv) pronounced ME effects in photonic crystals with a possibility of electromagnetic unidirectionality. The review concludes with a summary and an outlook to the future development of magnetoelectrics research.
Journal ArticleDOI
Magnetic control of ferroelectric polarization
Tsuyoshi Kimura,Tsuyoshi Kimura,Takeshi Goto,Hiroshi Shintani,Kyoko Ishizaka,Taka-hisa Arima,Yoshinori Tokura +6 more
TL;DR: The discovery of ferroelectricity in a perovskite manganite, TbMnO3, where the effect of spin frustration causes sinusoidal antiferromagnetic ordering and gigantic magnetoelectric and magnetocapacitance effects are found.
Journal ArticleDOI
Multiferroics: a magnetic twist for ferroelectricity
TL;DR: It is found that even a weak magnetoelectric interaction can lead to spectacular cross-coupling effects when it induces electric polarization in a magnetically ordered state.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Why Are There so Few Magnetic Ferroelectrics
TL;DR: In this paper, the fundamental physics behind the scarcity of ferromagnetic ferroelectric coexistence was explored and the properties of known magnetically ordered ferro-electric materials were examined.
Journal ArticleDOI
Multi-ferroic magnetoelectrics
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reviewed the domain aspects of multi-ferroics, i.e. of materials, in which two or all three properties of the properties "ferroelectricity" and "ferromagnetism" occur simultaneously in the same phase, and in which the magnetic point group has been reliably established by magnetoelectric, optical, dielectric and related studies on single crystals and single domains.
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REVIEWS OF TOPICAL PROBLEMS: Ferroelectromagnets
G. A. Smolenskiĭ,I. E. Chupis +1 more
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Possible Species of Ferromagnetic, Ferroelectric, and Ferroelastic Crystals
TL;DR: In this paper, a determination is made of all possible species of full ferromagnetic, partial ferromagnetics, full ferroelectrics, partial magnetization vector, spontaneous polarization vector, or spontaneous strain tensor, and it is found out in which of these species two or all of the three types should couple completely or incompletely with each other.