Journal ArticleDOI
Observations of Early-Stage Frost Formation on a Cold Plate in Atmospheric Air Flow
Chin-Hsiang Cheng,Keng-Hsien Wu +1 more
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TLDR
In this paper, a microscopic image system is used to record the pattern and thickness of the frost layer per five seconds after the onset of formation, and a multiple-step ascending frost growth pattern caused by melting of frost crystals at the frost surface is observed.Abstract:
The present study is conducted to investigate the frost formation on a cold plate in atmospheric air flow by means of experimental and theoretical methods. In order to provide observations for the early stage of the frost growth process, a microscopic image system is used to record the pattern and the thickness of the frost layer per five seconds after the onset of frost formation. In this study, a multiple-step ascending frost growth pattern caused by melting of frost crystals at the frost surface has been observed. Effects of velocity, temperature and relative humidity of air (V, T a , and Φ) are studied, and the surface temperature of the cold plate (T w ) is also varied. The considered ranges of these dominant variables are: 2≤V≤13 m/s, 20≤T a ≤35°C, 40 percent≤Φ≤80 percent, and -13≤T w ≤-2°C. The theoretical model presented by Cheng and Cheng [22] for predicting the frost growth rate during the frost layer growth period is verified. Results show that the predictions of frost growth rate by the model agree with the experiment data, especially for the frost layer growth period.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Review on the measurement and calculation of frost characteristics
Mengjie Song,Chaobin Dang +1 more
TL;DR: A review and a comparative analysis of the available literature on frosting characteristics, correlations, and mathematical models are presented in this paper, where the mechanisms of the frost formation process and its influence are introduced, followed by the presentation of methods for the measurement of frost layer thickness and the frosting rate.
Journal ArticleDOI
Heat transfer—A review of 2003 literature
Richard J Goldstein,W. E. Ibele,Suhas V. Patankar,Terrence W. Simon,Thomas H. Kuehn,Paul J Strykowski,Kumar K. Tamma,Joachim Heberlein,Jane H. Davidson,John C. Bischof,Francis A Kulacki,Uwe Kortshagen,Sean C. Garrick,Vinod Srinivasan +13 more
TL;DR: This survey, although extensive cannot include every paper; some selection is necessary, is intended to encompass the English language heat transfer papers published in 2003, including some translations of foreign language papers.
Journal ArticleDOI
Frost Growth and Densification in Laminar Flow Over Flat Surfaces
TL;DR: In this paper, an improved representation of frost density and effective thermal conductivity applicable to a wide range of frost circumstances have been incorporated, and the validity of the proposed model considering heat and mass diffusion in the frost layer is tested by a comparison of the predictions with data from various investigators for frost parameters including frost thickness, frost surface temperature, frost density, and heat flux.
Journal ArticleDOI
Densification of frost on hydrophilic and hydrophobic substrates – Examining the effect of surface wettability
TL;DR: In this article, the properties of growing frost layer were analyzed and compared for surfaces of different wettability to determine the effect that the surface energy has on the frost mass, thickness, and density.
Journal ArticleDOI
Frost growth and densification on a flat surface in laminar flow with variable humidity
TL;DR: In this article, a flat plate test specimen is made of aluminum-6031, and has dimensions of 0.3 m × 6.35mm, and the results for the first variable humidity case are obtained for a plate temperature of 255.4 k, air velocity of 1.77 m/s, air temperature of 295 k, and a relative humidity continuously ranging from 81 to 54 k.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Describing the Uncertainties in Experimental Results
TL;DR: The material presented in this paper covers the method of describing the uncertainties in an engineering experiment and the necessary background material, as well as a technique for numerically executing uncertainty analyses when computerized data interpretation is involved.
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Study of Frost Properties Correlating With Frost Formation Types
Journal ArticleDOI
A mathematical model for predicting the densification and growth of frost on a flat plate
TL;DR: In this article, the spatial distribution of the temperature, ice-phase volume fraction (related to frost density), and rate of phase change within the frost layer are predicted using a local volume averaging technique.
Journal ArticleDOI
Frost Formation With Varying Environmental Parameters
B. W. Jones,J. D. Parker +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, a theoretical model of frost growth based on molecular diffusion of water vapor at the frost surface and using energy and mass balances was developed, which can incorporate varying environmental parameters.