Occurrence and control of nitrogenous disinfection by-products in drinking water--a review.
Citations
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Cites background from "Occurrence and control of nitrogeno..."
...Coagulation, due to the frequent inclusion of amine-based cationic polymers, typically increases NDMA FP (Bond et al., 2011)....
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...Treated wastewater effluent organic matter (EfOM) generally contains higher levels of NDMA FP than drinking water NOM, including eutrophic water supplies (Bond et al., 2011; Krasner et al., 2008, 2009c; Nawrocki and Andrzejewski, 2011; Russell et al., 2012)....
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222 citations
Cites background from "Occurrence and control of nitrogeno..."
...Interestingly, given conflicting reports on the relative effect on chlorine versus chloramines [19], the HAN formation in chloraminated WWTW effluent was far lower at 0....
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...Despite the recent upsurge in N-DBP research activity, there is still limited data about the occurrence of N-DBPs in drinking water, particularly outside of the US [19]....
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...The ccurrence and control of N-DBPs in drinking water [19] and their ormation mechanisms [20] have both recently been reviewed in he literature....
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...As noted previously, oxidation with chlorine, ozone, chlorine dioxide or UV irradiation prior to final disinfection with chlorine or chloramines has been implicated in enhanced formation of HANs, HNMs and CNX during water treatment [19]....
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216 citations
195 citations
Cites background from "Occurrence and control of nitrogeno..."
...Also, trihalomethanes (THMs) have been classified as possible carcinogens to humans [30, 32, 34, 35]....
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References
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"Occurrence and control of nitrogeno..." refers background in this paper
...to reactions between chlorine and natural organic matter (NOM) in Dutch drinking water (Rook, 1974)....
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1,579 citations
1,443 citations
"Occurrence and control of nitrogeno..." refers background in this paper
...Over 600 DBPs have been reported in drinking water or simulated laboratorydisinfection tests, resulting fromtheuseof chlorine and other disinfectants, notably chloramines, ozone and chlorine dioxide (Krasner et al., 2006)....
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...(Krasner et al., 2006; Weinberg et al., 2002) and 2006e2007 (Krasner et al....
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...Of the three major N-DBP groups captured by existing analytical methodologies eHANs, HAcAms and HNMs - in the 2000e2002 US survey, HANs occurred at the highest concentrations, with median and maximum levels of 3 and 14 mg L respectively, and dichloroacetonitrile (DCAN) was the most prevalent species (Table 2) (Krasner et al., 2006; Weinberg et al., 2002)....
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...8 mg L 1 and 120 mg L 1 in the US survey (Goslan et al., 2009; Krasner et al., 2006)....
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...8 mg L ) levels (Krasner et al., 2006) and were thus thought likely to generate relatively high DBP loads....
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