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Journal ArticleDOI

Occurrence of emerging pollutants in urban wastewater and their removal through biological treatment followed by ozonation.

TL;DR: The results showed that paraxanthine, caffeine and acetaminophen were the main individual pollutants usually found in concentrations over 20 ppb, and the hydroxyl radical reaction was the major pathway for the oxidative transformation of these compounds.
About: This article is published in Water Research.The article was published on 2010-01-01. It has received 849 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Environmental impact of pharmaceuticals and personal care products & Galaxolide.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This review provides a summary of the recent occurrence of micropollutants in the aquatic environment including sewage, surface water, groundwater and drinking water.

2,933 citations


Cites background from "Occurrence of emerging pollutants i..."

  • ...%) in a Spanish WWTP (Rosal et al., 2010)....

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  • ...Rosal et al. (2010); 25....

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  • ..., 2011) while it showed minor reduction (5%) in a SpanishWWTP (Rosal et al., 2010)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The main conclusions arrived at from the overall assessment of the literature are that more work needs to be done on degradation kinetics and reactor modeling of the combined process, and also dynamics of the initial attack on primary contaminants and intermediate species generation.

2,046 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This analysis shows that the highest amounts discharged through secondary effluent pertain to one antihypertensive, and several beta-blockers and analgesics/anti-inflammatories, while the highest risk is posed by antibiotics and several psychiatric drugs and analgesic/ anti- inflammatories.

1,721 citations


Cites background from "Occurrence of emerging pollutants i..."

  • ...…Bendz et al., 2005; Khan and Ongerth, 2005;Kim et al., 2007; Lishman et al., 2006; Muñoz et al., 2009;Paxéus, 2004;Radjenovic et al., 2007, 2009; Rosal et al., 2010; Snyder et al., 2006; Stumpf et al., 1999; Ternes, 1998;Yu et al., 2006 Pravastatin 425 C23H36O7 4 Coetsier et al., 2009;…...

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  • ...…1 Castiglioni et al., 2006 Hydrochlorothiazide 298 C7H8ClN3O4S2 5 Castiglioni et al., 2006; Muñoz et al., 2009; Radjenovic et al., 2007, 2009; Rosal et al., 2010; Barbiturates F Phenobarbital 232 C12H12N2O3 1 Yu et al., 2006 Beta-blockers G Acebutolol 336 C18H28N2O4 2 Andreozzi et al., 2003;…...

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  • ...…C15H15NO2 9 Jones et al., 2007; Kasprzyk-Hordern et al., 2009; Kimura et al., 2005, 2007; Radjenovic et al., 2007, 2009; Roberts and Thomas, 2006; Rosal et al., 2010; Tauxe-Wuersch et al., 2005 Naproxen 230 C14H14O3 30 Andreozzi et al., 2003; Bendz et al., 2005; Carballa et al., 2004, 2005;…...

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  • ...…Bendz et al., 2005; Coetsier et al., 2009; Kasprzyk-Hordern et al., 2009; Maurer et al., 2007; Radjenovic et al., 2009; Roberts and Thomas, 2006; Rosal et al., 2010; Ternes, 1998; Ternes et al., 2003; Wick et al., 2009 Timolol 316 C13H24N4O3S 1 Ternes, 1998 Diuretics H Bendroflumethiazide 421…...

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  • ...…al., 2010 Ranitidine 314 C13H22N4O3S 6 Carucci et al., 2006; Castiglioni et al., 2006; Kasprzyk-Hordern et al., 2009; Radjenovic et al., 2007, 2009; Rosal et al., 2010 Valsartan 436 C24H29N5O3 1 Kasprzyk-Hordern et al., 2009 Hormones L Estradiol 272 C18H24O2 11 Andersen et al., 2003; Baronti et…...

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A thorough review of alternative non-iron Fenton catalysts and their reactivity towards hydrogen peroxide activation is presented, describing in detail the complex mechanisms and emphasizes on practical limitations influencing their environmental applications.

1,618 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The aim of the present paper is to critically review the fate and removal of various antibiotics in wastewater treatment, focusing on different processes (i.e. biological processes, advanced treatment technologies and disinfection) in view of the current concerns related to the induction of toxic effects in aquatic and terrestrial organisms.

1,516 citations


Cites background or methods from "Occurrence of emerging pollutants i..."

  • ...Rosal et al., 2010 CAS effluent (Regensdorf, Switzerland) 125 ng L 1 O3 dose ¼ 1.6e5....

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  • ...Rosal et al., 2010 WWTPs in Beijing (China) 400 ng L 1 O3 dose ¼ 5 mg L 1; Contact time ¼ 15 min MF/RO: Spiral-wound crossflow module (>90...

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  • ...Rosal et al., 2010 Ciprofloxacin Secondary effluent (Kloten-Opfikon, Switzerland) 1 mM Batch experiments, O3 dose ¼ 0.5e5....

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  • ...Rosal et al., 2010 CAS effluent (Regensdorf, Switzerland) 206 ng L 1 O3 dose ¼ 1.6e5....

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  • ...Rosal et al., 2010 Enrofloxacin Secondary effluent (Kloten-Opfikon, Switzerland) 1 mM Batch experiments, O3 dose¼0.5e5....

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References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This review attempts to synthesize the literature on environmental origin, distribution/occurrence, and effects and to catalyze a more focused discussion in the environmental science community.
Abstract: During the last three decades, the impact of chemical pollution has focused almost exclusively on the conventional "priority" pollutants, especially those acutely toxic/carcinogenic pesticides and industrial intermediates displaying persistence in the environment. This spectrum of chemicals, however, is only one piece of the larger puzzle in "holistic" risk assessment. Another diverse group of bioactive chemicals receiving comparatively little attention as potential environmental pollutants includes the pharmaceuticals and active ingredients in personal care products (in this review collectively termed PPCPs), both human and veterinary, including not just prescription drugs and biologics, but also diagnostic agents, "nutraceuticals," fragrances, sun-screen agents, and numerous others. These compounds and their bioactive metabolites can be continually introduced to the aquatic environment as complex mixtures via a number of routes but primarily by both untreated and treated sewage. Aquatic pollution is particularly troublesome because aquatic organisms are captive to continual life-cycle, multigenerational exposure. The possibility for continual but undetectable or unnoticed effects on aquatic organisms is particularly worrisome because effects could accumulate so slowly that major change goes undetected until the cumulative level of these effects finally cascades to irreversible change--change that would otherwise be attributed to natural adaptation or ecologic succession. As opposed to the conventional, persistent priority pollutants, PPCPs need not be persistent if they are continually introduced to surface waters, even at low parts-per-trillion/parts-per-billion concentrations (ng-microg/L). Even though some PPCPs are extremely persistent and introduced to the environment in very high quantities and perhaps have already gained ubiquity worldwide, others could act as if they were persistent, simply because their continual infusion into the aquatic environment serves to sustain perpetual life-cycle exposures for aquatic organisms. This review attempts to synthesize the literature on environmental origin, distribution/occurrence, and effects and to catalyze a more focused discussion in the environmental science community.

4,347 citations


"Occurrence of emerging pollutants i..." refers background in this paper

  • ...The presence of a wide variety of pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCP) in water and wastewater has been frequently reported after the findings of Ternes (1998) and Daughton and Ternes (1999)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Present knowledge does not reveal if regular therapeutic use may be the source of a substance carried by sewage effluent into the aquatic system, even though clofibrate, a lipid lowering agent, has been identified in ground and tap water samples from Berlin.

3,204 citations


"Occurrence of emerging pollutants i..." refers background in this paper

  • ...The consequences are particularly worrying in aquatic organisms as they are subjected to multigenerational exposure (Halling-Sørensen et al., 1998)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the occurrence of 32 drug residues belonging to different medicinal classes like antiphlogistics, lipid regulators, psychiatric drugs, antiepileptic drugs, betablockers and β 2 -sympathomimetics as well as five metabolites has been investigated in German municipal sewage treatment plant (STP) discharges, river and stream waters.

3,015 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors highlight five different oxidation processes operating at ambient conditions viz. cavitation, photocatalytic oxidation, Fenton's chemistry, ozonation, and use of hydrogen peroxide.

1,852 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It could be shown that the second-order rate constants determined in pure aqueous solution could be applied to predict the behavior of pharmaceuticals dissolved in natural waters.
Abstract: This study investigates the oxidation of pharmaceuticals during conventional ozonation and advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) applied in drinking water treatment. In a first step, second-order rate constants for the reactions of selected pharmaceuticals with ozone (k(O3)) and OH radicals (k(OH)) were determined in bench-scale experiments (in brackets apparent k(O3) at pH 7 and T = 20 degrees C): bezafibrate (590 +/- 50 M(-1) s(-1)), carbamazepine (approximately 3 x 10(5) M(-1) s(-1)), diazepam (0.75 +/- 0.15 M(-1) s(-1)), diclofenac (approximately 1 x 10(6) M(-1) s(-1)), 17alpha-ethinylestradiol (approximately 3 x 10(6) M(-1) s(-1)), ibuprofen (9.6 +/- 1.0 M(-1) s(-1)), iopromide ( 5 x 10(4) M(-1) s(-1), indicating that these compounds are completely transformed during ozonation processes. Values for k(OH) ranged from 3.3 to 9.8 x 10(9) M(-1) s(-1). Compared to other important micropollutants such as MTBE and atrazine, the selected pharmaceuticals reacted about two to three times faster with OH radicals. In the second part of the study, oxidation kinetics of the selected pharmaceuticals were investigated in ozonation experiments performed in different natural waters. It could be shown that the second-order rate constants determined in pure aqueous solution could be applied to predict the behavior of pharmaceuticals dissolved in natural waters. Overall it can be concluded that ozonation and AOPs are promising processes for an efficient removal of pharmaceuticals in drinking waters.

1,483 citations


"Occurrence of emerging pollutants i..." refers background or result in this paper

  • ...As raw wastewater contains a number of compounds whose second order direct reaction constants with ozone are very large (Huber et al., 2003) mass transfer is likely to limit the ozonation rate during the first reaction minutes....

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  • ...This result is consistent with the fact that many PPCP directly react with ozone with large second order kinetic constants (Huber et al., 2003)....

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