Occurrence of quinolone resistance in Staphylococcus aureus from nosocomial infection.
Wolfgang Witte,H. Grimm +1 more
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TLDR
The phenotypic association of quinolone resistance and MRSA is rather likely due to a higher frequency of spontaneous resistant mutants which are present in natural populations of MRSA.Abstract:
Among 63 Staphylococcus aureus isolates (one isolate per one patient) counted from infections (from August to November 1991) in hospital T., eight exhibited resistance to fluoroquinolones. Seven of these quinolone-resistant isolates were multiply- and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (QR-MRSA). The results of phage-, plasmid- and genotyping (pulsed field electrophoresis) revealed that six different strain-clones of these MRSA were spread in the hospital. In vitro spontaneous mutants resistant to fluoroquinolones are 10-100-fold more frequent in MRSA than in other S. aureus when selected on isosensitest-agar containing 1 microgram/ml of ciprofloxacin. However, the same mutant frequencies were found in strain 8325-4 with and without the mecA-determinant. The resistance phenotype was stable over 30 generations of subculture in nutrient broth as well in natural quinolone resistant MRSA as in mutants of other types of S. aureus selected in vitro. The phenotypic association of quinolone resistance and MRSA is rather likely due to a higher frequency of spontaneous resistant mutants which are present in natural populations of MRSA. Data of chemotherapy prior to the isolation of S. aureus show that three of seven patients from whom QR-MRSA were isolated were treated with a quinolone. In eight cases of infections with non-MRSA and quinolone treatment the isolated S. aureus strains were in vitro sensitive to quinolones.read more
Citations
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Fluoroquinolone resistance among Gram-positive cocci.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors highlighted the importance of careful use of these agents in appropriate patients and doses, as well as careful infection-control practices, and emphasized the utility of a valuable class of antimicrobial agents.
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How many nosocomial infections are associated with cross-transmission? A prospective cohort study in a surgical intensive care unit
TL;DR: It is difficult to assess whether the percentage of NIs due to cross-transmission determined for this ICU may be the crucial explanation for the relatively high infection rate in comparison to other surgical ICUs.
Journal ArticleDOI
Characterization of two different clusters of clonally related methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains by conventional and molecular typing
TL;DR: Isolates with heterogenous and homogeneous phenotypes, fell into clearly distinct clusters and thus formed two clonally related MRSA strains, and differences were seen with phage and biochemical typing, and antimicrobial resistance patterns.
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Evaluation of six agglutination tests for Staphylococcus aureus identification depending upon local prevalence of meticillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA).
TL;DR: Six commercially available agglutination tests for the detection of meticillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) and mecA-positive MRSA strains were evaluated and only the Dry Spot Staphytect Plus test correctly identified all 52 MRSAusters.
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Clonal dissemination of two MRSA strains in Germany
TL;DR: Clonal dissemination of two different MRSA strains, both clumping factor negative, has been observed in Germany for more than a year and each exhibits a characteristic genomic DNA fragment pattern.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Low-affinity penicillin-binding protein associated with beta-lactam resistance in Staphylococcus aureus.
TL;DR: A high-molecular-weight PBP (PBP-2a; approximate size, 78,000 daltons) was detected that was only present in the resistant bacteria but not in the isogenic sensitive strain, and in cultures grown at pH 5.2, the extra PBP was not detectable.
Journal Article
Phage typing of staphylococci
J. E. Blair,R. E. O. Williams +1 more
TL;DR: A detailed account of methods that have been found satisfactory for propagating the phages are given and a standard testing routine by which the stability of the phage preparations can be verified is defined.
Journal ArticleDOI
The fluoroquinolones: structures, mechanisms of action and resistance, and spectra of activity in vitro.
John S. Wolfson,David C. Hooper +1 more
TL;DR: The status of these agents as revealed in the published English literature is reviewed in a two-part minireview, considering the structures, mechanisms of action and resistance, and spectra of activity of the six aforementioned fluoroquinolones with reference to nalidixic and oxolonic acids.
Journal ArticleDOI
Clinical resistance to long-term oral ciprofloxacin
Book
Molecular Biology of the Staphylococci
TL;DR: Introduction genome organization and evolution gene transfer and transposons plasmids exoproteins and pathogenicity factors resistance and its spread resistance and epidemiology.
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