Journal ArticleDOI
Ocean Deoxygenation in a Warming World
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TLDR
The potential for larger O2 declines in the future suggests the need for an improved observing system for tracking ocean 02 changes, and an important consequence may be an expansion in the area and volume of so-called oxygen minimum zones.Abstract:
Ocean warming and increased stratification of the upper ocean caused by global climate change will likely lead to declines in dissolved O2 in the ocean interior (ocean deoxygenation) with implications for ocean productivity, nutrient cycling, carbon cycling, and marine habitat. Ocean models predict declines of 1 to 7% in the global ocean O2 inventory over the next century, with declines continuing for a thousand years or more into the future. An important consequence may be an expansion in the area and volume of so-called oxygen minimum zones, where O2 levels are too low to support many macrofauna and profound changes in biogeochemical cycling occur. Significant deoxygenation has occurred over the past 50 years in the North Pacific and tropical oceans, suggesting larger changes are looming. The potential for larger O2 declines in the future suggests the need for an improved observing system for tracking ocean O2 changes.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Climate Change Impacts on Marine Ecosystems
Scott C. Doney,Mary Ruckelshaus,J. Emmett Duffy,James P. Barry,Francis Chan,Chad A. English,Heather M. Galindo,Jacqueline M. Grebmeier,Anne B. Hollowed,Nancy Knowlton,Jeffrey J. Polovina,Nancy N. Rabalais,William J. Sydeman,Lynne D. Talley +13 more
TL;DR: In marine ecosystems, rising atmospheric CO2 and climate change are associated with concurrent shifts in temperature, circulation, stratification, nutrient input, oxygen content, and ocean acidification, with potentially wide-ranging biological effects.
Book ChapterDOI
Carbon and Other Biogeochemical Cycles
Philippe Ciais,Christopher L. Sabine,Govindasamy Bala,Laurent Bopp,Victor Brovkin,Josep G. Canadell,Abha Chhabra,Ruth DeFries,James N. Galloway,Martin Heimann,Chris D. Jones,C. Le Quéré,Ranga B. Myneni,S. L. Piao,Peter E. Thornton +14 more
TL;DR: For base year 2010, anthropogenic activities created ~210 (190 to 230) TgN of reactive nitrogen Nr from N2 as discussed by the authors, which is at least 2 times larger than the rate of natural terrestrial creation of ~58 Tg N (50 to 100 Tg nr yr−1) (Table 6.9, Section 1a).
Changes in climate extremes and their impacts on the natural physical environment: An overview of the IPCC SREX report
Sonia I. Seneviratne,Neville Nicholls,David R. Easterling,Clare Goodess,Shinjiro Kanae,James P. Kossin,Yiming Luo,José A. Marengo,Kathleen L. McInnes,Mohammad Rahimi,Markus Reichstein,Asgeir Sorteberg,Carolina Vera,X. Zhang +13 more
Journal ArticleDOI
Declining oxygen in the global ocean and coastal waters.
Denise L. Breitburg,Lisa A. Levin,Andreas Oschlies,Marilaure Grégoire,Francisco P. Chavez,Daniel J. Conley,Véronique Garçon,Denis Gilbert,Dimitri Gutiérrez,Kirsten Isensee,Gil S. Jacinto,Karin E. Limburg,Ivonne Montes,S. W. A. Naqvi,Grant C. Pitcher,Grant C. Pitcher,Nancy N. Rabalais,Michael R. Roman,Kenneth A. Rose,Brad A. Seibel,Maciej Telszewski,Moriaki Yasuhara,Jing Zhang +22 more
TL;DR: Improved numerical models of oceanographic processes that control oxygen depletion and the large-scale influence of altered biogeochemical cycles are needed to better predict the magnitude and spatial patterns of deoxygenation in the open ocean, as well as feedbacks to climate.
Journal ArticleDOI
Multiple stressors of ocean ecosystems in the 21st century: projections with CMIP5 models
Laurent Bopp,Laure Resplandy,James C. Orr,Scott C. Doney,John P. Dunne,Marion Gehlen,Paul R. Halloran,Christoph Heinze,Christoph Heinze,Tatiana Ilyina,Roland Séférian,Jerry Tjiputra,Jerry Tjiputra,Marcello Vichi +13 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used the most recent simulations performed in the framework of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5 to assess how these stressors may evolve over the course of the 21st century.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Climate and atmospheric history of the past 420,000 years from the Vostok ice core, Antarctica
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TL;DR: The recent completion of drilling at Vostok station in East Antarctica has allowed the extension of the ice record of atmospheric composition and climate to the past four glacial-interglacial cycles as discussed by the authors.
Supporting Online Material for Spreading Dead Zones and Consequences for Marine Ecosystems
Robert J. Diaz,Rutger Rosenberg +1 more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Spreading Dead Zones and Consequences for Marine Ecosystems
Robert J. Diaz,Rutger Rosenberg +1 more
TL;DR: Dead zones in the coastal oceans have spread exponentially since the 1960s and have serious consequences for ecosystem functioning, exacerbated by the increase in primary production and consequent worldwide coastal eutrophication fueled by riverine runoff of fertilizers and the burning of fossil fuels.
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