Ocean Dwelling Actinobacteria as Source of Antitumor Compounds
TL;DR: Emphasizing on the recent advancements in bioactive compound production in actinobacteria, this paper comprises a review of the available literature, compiles the antitumor compounds from marine act inobacteria with brief discussions and the perspectives to develop better antitumors which would stimulate further research.
Abstract: Extending over decades, research has been of great focus and enormous progress on exploring the ocean for natural products from marine actinobacteria. Attraction towards alternative medicine has led to improvements in natural product discovery. With great potential to survive in extreme environments, marine actinobacteria, efficiently produce an array of metabolites with diverse bioactivity by evolving the secondary metabolic pathways. Exploiting the secondary metabolite producing potential of actinobacteria, many compounds with antitumor, antibacterial, antifungal, antimalarial, antiprotozoal, antiparasitic, antiviral, anti-parasitic, anti-inflammatory activities has been discovered. Efforts in bioprospecting alternative sources of natural products have thus led to several explorations and improvements in technologies which has decreased the bottle neck difficulties in the drug discovery process. Emphasizing on the recent advancements in bioactive compound production in actinobacteria, this paper comprises a review of the available literature, compiles the antitumor compounds from marine actinobacteria with brief discussions and the perspectives to develop better antitumor compounds which would stimulate further research.
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TL;DR: In this study, samples of sediment, invertebrate and algae were collected from the Providencia and Santa Catalina coral reef with the aim of isolating Actinobateria-like strain able to produce antimicrobial and quorum quenching compounds against pathogens.
Abstract: Marine bacteria are considered as promising sources for the discovery of novel biologically active compounds. In this study, samples of sediment, invertebrate and algae were collected from the Providencia and Santa Catalina coral reef (Colombian Caribbean Sea) with the aim of isolating Actinobateria-like strain able to produce antimicrobial and quorum quenching compounds against pathogens. Several approaches were used to select actinobacterial isolates, obtaining 203 strains from all samples. According to their 16S rRNA gene sequencing, a total of 24 strains was classified within Actinobacteria represented by three genera: Streptomyces, Micromonospora, and Gordonia. In order to assess their metabolic profiles, the actinobacterial strains were grown in liquid cultures, and LC-MS-based analyses from ethyl acetate fractions were performed. Based on taxonomical classification, screening information of activity against phytopathogenic strains and quorum quenching activity, as well as metabolic profiling, six out of the 24 isolates were selected for follow-up with chemical isolation and structure identification analyses of putative metabolites involved in antimicrobial activities.
49 citations
TL;DR: The application of marine-derived bioactive compounds has gained importance because of their therapeutic uses in several diseases and their possible contribution to humanity is highlighted.
37 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that Saudi Arabian marine region was a promising area for the identification of medically important natural products producing actinomycetes for antibacterial and anticancer drugs.
29 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used the 16S rDNA sequence of the H amplexicaulis actinobacteria to identify the endophytic community of the plant, which can produce secondary metabolites that potentially possess important antibacterial and cytotoxic properties.
7 citations
TL;DR: Three Streptomyces strains isolated from Guaviare sediments with cytotoxic activity against prostate cancer, breast cancer, and lung cancer line cells were studied and it is suggested that the ethyl acetate extracts from isolates StrePTomyces aburaviensis, gramineus, and Strepsomyces psammoticus have a potential for use in pharmaceuticals as cytotoxicity agents.
Abstract: Three Streptomyces strains isolated from Guaviare sediments (Colombia, South America) with cytotoxic activity against prostate cancer (PC3), breast cancer (MDA-MB-231), and lung cancer (A549) line cells were studied. The present investigation reveals the enhancement of the cytotoxic activity evaluating different values of pH, carbon sources (sucrose, glucose, xylose, maltose, and starch), and nitrogen sources (malt extract, yeast extract, meat extract, peptone, and potassium nitrate). Based on the response surface methodology, the isolates Streptomyces aburaviensis (73) had the maximum activity for lung cancer (IC50= ppm) with 4% of yeast extract, 3% of starch, and a pH value of 7. Streptomyces gramineus (386) had the maximum activity against prostate cancer (IC50= ppm) with 5% of malt extract, 3% of glucose, and a pH value of 6. Finally, Streptomyces psammoticus (519) had the maximum activity against breast cancer (IC50= ppm) with 1% of yeast extract, 4% of starch, and a pH 8. The results suggest that the ethyl acetate extracts from isolates Streptomyces aburaviensis (73), Streptomyces gramineus (386), and Streptomyces psammoticus (519) have a potential for use in pharmaceuticals as cytotoxic agents.
6 citations
Cites background from "Ocean Dwelling Actinobacteria as So..."
...like Proximicin A, B, and C, Daunomycin, Drimentine G, Indotertine B, Bleomycin, and Benzastatins that are already in clinical use [6]....
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...indicate that Actinobacteria is famous as a great source of antitumor compounds, as cited in [6],mainly Streptomyces sp....
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References
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TL;DR: The short history, specific features and future prospects of research of microbial metabolites, including antibiotics and other bioactive metabolites, are summarized.
Abstract: The short history, specific features and future prospects of research of microbial metabolites, including antibiotics and other bioactive metabolites, are summarized. The microbial origin, diversity of producing species, functions and various bioactivities of metabolites, unique features of their chemical structures are discussed, mainly on the basis of statistical data. The possible numbers of metabolites may be discovered in the future, the problems of dereplication of newly isolated compounds as well as the new trends and prospects of the research are also discussed.
2,706 citations
"Ocean Dwelling Actinobacteria as So..." refers background in this paper
...From the 22,500 biologically active compounds that have been obtained so far from microbes, 45% are produced by actinomycetes, 38% by fungi and 17% by unicellular bacteria (Berdy 2005)....
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TL;DR: This work presents the first comprehensive pipeline capable of identifying biosynthetic loci covering the whole range of known secondary metabolite compound classes, and integrates or cross-links all previously available secondary-metabolite specific gene analysis methods in one interactive view.
Abstract: Bacterial and fungal secondary metabolism is a rich source of novel bioactive compounds with potential pharmaceutical applications as antibiotics, anti-tumor drugs or cholesterol-lowering drugs To find new drug candidates, microbiologists are increasingly relying on sequencing genomes of a wide variety of microbes However, rapidly and reliably pinpointing all the potential gene clusters for secondary metabolites in dozens of newly sequenced genomes has been extremely challenging, due to their biochemical heterogeneity, the presence of unknown enzymes and the dispersed nature of the necessary specialized bioinformatics tools and resources Here, we present antiSMASH (antibiotics & Secondary Metabolite Analysis Shell), the first comprehensive pipeline capable of identifying biosynthetic loci covering the whole range of known secondary metabolite compound classes (polyketides, non-ribosomal peptides, terpenes, aminoglycosides, aminocoumarins, indolocarbazoles, lantibiotics, bacteriocins, nucleosides, beta-lactams, butyrolactones, siderophores, melanins and others) It aligns the identified regions at the gene cluster level to their nearest relatives from a database containing all other known gene clusters, and integrates or cross-links all previously available secondary-metabolite specific gene analysis methods in one interactive view antiSMASH is available at http://antismashsecondarymetabolitesorg
1,496 citations
"Ocean Dwelling Actinobacteria as So..." refers methods in this paper
...Table 7 – Insilico methods Tools/ Programs/ Databases Reference antiSMASH (antibiotics & Secondary Metabolite Analysis Shell) Medema et al. 2011; Blin et al. 2013 BAGEL3 de Jong et al. 2010; van Heel et al. 2013 CLUSEAN (Cluster Sequence Analyzer) Weber et al. 2009 ClustScan Starcevic et al. 2008 MIDDAS-M Umemura et al. 2013 NaPDoS (Natural Product Domain Seeker) Ziemert et al. 2012 NP.searcher (Natural Product searcher) Li et al. 2009 NRPSPredictor Röttig et al. 2011 PKMiner Kim and Yi 2012 SBSPKS (Structure Based Sequence Analysis of Polyketide Synthases) Anand et al. 2010 SEARCHPKS Yadav et al. 2003 SMURF (Secondary Metabolite Unknown Regions Finder) Khaldi et al. 2010...
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...Table 7 – Insilico methods Tools/ Programs/ Databases Reference antiSMASH (antibiotics & Secondary Metabolite Analysis Shell) Medema et al. 2011; Blin et al. 2013 BAGEL3 de Jong et al. 2010; van Heel et al. 2013 CLUSEAN (Cluster Sequence Analyzer) Weber et al. 2009 ClustScan Starcevic et al. 2008…...
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TL;DR: The ocean is an overlooked habitat from which to isolate important microorganisms, and the rate of discovery of new biologically active compounds from common soil actino-mycetes has been falling.
Abstract: thus the discovery of a major new group of thesebacteria in marine sediments suggests that the ocean repre-sents an overlooked habitat from which to isolate theseimportant microorganisms. Given thatthe rate of discovery ofnew biologically active compounds from common soil actino-mycetes has been falling,
962 citations
"Ocean Dwelling Actinobacteria as So..." refers methods in this paper
...Salinosporamide A inhibited proteasomal chymotrypsin like proteolytic activity, when tested against purified 20S proteasome (Calbiochem, cat.no. 539158) with an IC50 value of 1.3 nm (Feling et al. 2003)....
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TL;DR: Les actinomycetes sont tres largement distribues dans les ecosystemes terrestres and the ecosystemes aquatiques.
Abstract: Les actinomycetes sont tres largement distribues dans les ecosystemes terrestres et les ecosystemes aquatiques. Ils incluent aussi des zoopathogenes et des phytopathogenes
934 citations
Additional excerpts
...(Goodfellow and Williams 1983)....
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TL;DR: The model estimated the total number of antimicrobial compounds that this genus is capable of producing to be of the order of a 100,000 – a tiny fraction of which has been unearthed so far – and predicted that the rate of discovery of new compounds will not decline for several decades to come.
Abstract: Streptomyces is the largest antibiotic-producing genus in the microbial world discovered so far. The number of antimicrobial compounds reported from the species of this genus per year increased almost exponentially for about two decades, followed by a steady rise to reach a peak in the 1970s, and with a substantial decline in the late 1980s and 1990s. The cumulative number shows a sigmoid curve that is much flatter than what a logistic equation would predict. We attempted to fit a mathematical model to this curve in order to estimate the number of undiscovered antimicrobials from this genus as well as to predict the trends in the near future. A model assuming that the screening efforts are encouraged by a previous year's success and that the probability of finding a new antibiotic is a function of the fraction of antibiotics undiscovered so far offered a good fit after optimizing parameters. The model estimated the total number of antimicrobial compounds that this genus is capable of producing to be of the order of a 100,000 – a tiny fraction of which has been unearthed so far. The decline in the slope appeared to be due to a decline in screening efforts rather than an exhaustion of compounds. Left to itself, the slope will become zero in the next one or two decades, but if the screening efforts are maintained constant, the rate of discovery of new compounds will not decline for several decades to come.
913 citations
"Ocean Dwelling Actinobacteria as So..." refers background in this paper
...Past history of extensive actinobacterial research, has proved limited realization of the actinomycete biosynthetic potential (Watve et al. 2001)....
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