Oculomotor unit behavior in the monkey.

doi:10.1152/JN.1970.33.3.393

Journal Article•DOI•

Oculomotor unit behavior in the monkey.

01 May 1970-Journal of Neurophysiology (American Physiological Society)-Vol. 33, Iss: 3, pp 393-403

About: This article is published in Journal of Neurophysiology.The article was published on 1970-05-01. It has received 594 citations till now.

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Journal Article•DOI•

Eye movements evoked by collicular stimulation in the alert monkey

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David A. Robinson¹•Institutions (1)

Johns Hopkins University¹

01 Nov 1972-Vision Research

TL;DR: Electrical stimulation of the superior colliculi of alert, behaving monkeys evoked allor-nothing saccades whose amplitude and direction were independent of stimulus parameters and depth within the colliculus and were thus not goal-directed.

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1,253 citations

Cites background from "Oculomotor unit behavior in the mon..."

...These pulses are distributed reciprocally to pairs of extraocular muscle motoneuron pools to create the pulsestep temporal pattern of discharge rate needed to effect a saccade (FUCHS and LUSCHEI, 1970; ROBINSON, 1970; SCHILLER, 1970)....
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Journal Article•DOI•

The main sequence, a tool for studying human eye movements

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A. Terry Bahill¹, Michael R. Clark¹, Lawrence Stark¹•Institutions (1)

University of California, Berkeley¹

01 Jan 1975-Bellman Prize in Mathematical Biosciences

TL;DR: Infrared photodiodes aimed at the iris-sclera border and a digital computer were used in experiments to derive the main sequence curves, which determine saccadic amplitude and peak velocity in the pulse width modulation model.

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Abstract: The astronomical term “main sequence” has been applied to the relationships between duration, peak velocity, and magnitude of human saccades over a thousandfold range of magnitude. Infrared photodiodes aimed at the iris-sclera border and a digital computer were used in experiments to derive the main sequence curves. In the pulse width modulation model, the duration of the controller signal pulse determines saccadic amplitude and peak velocity. The high-frequency burst of the oculomotoneurons needs to be only one-half the duration of the saccade, because of the “apparent inertia” of the eyeball.

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1,084 citations

Book•

Mammalian Vestibular Physiology

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Victor J. Wilson, Geoffrey Melvill Jones

01 May 1979

TL;DR: The Vestibular System and the Cerebellum are studied as well as the Vestibulospinal System, which consists of the vestibular nucleus, the cerebellum, and theocular system.

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Abstract: 1 Introduction.- 2 Peripheral Morphology.- 3 Biophysics of the Peripheral End Organs.- 4 Mechanoneural Transduction and the Primary Afferent Response.- 5 Labyrinthine Input to the Vestibular Nuclei and Reticular Formation.- 6 The Vestibular System and the Cerebellum.- 7 The Vestibulospinal System.- 8 The Vestibuloocular System.- References.

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789 citations

Cites background from "Oculomotor unit behavior in the mon..."

...In passing it should be noted that, although conceptually meaningful, such a step change of oculomotor firing frequency is usually associated in reality with a superposed brief pulse of intense neural activity to boost the speed with which the eye moves to its new position (Robinson, 1970)....
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Journal Article•DOI•

The brainstem control of saccadic eye movements

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David L. Sparks¹•Institutions (1)

Baylor College of Medicine¹

01 Dec 2002-Nature Reviews Neuroscience

TL;DR: Research carried out in the intervening years has made it possible to provide a detailed description of the saccadic command signals that are generated by motor neurons and the formation of these signals in premotor brainstem regions.

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Abstract: The modern era of oculomotor research began with the advent of the chronic single-unit recording method in the late 1960s. Research carried out in the intervening years has made it possible to provide a detailed description of the saccadic command signals that are generated by motor neurons and the formation of these signals in premotor brainstem regions. These findings have been assimilated in control-systems models that simulate important behavioural features of saccades. Despite these great advances, key issues, such as the nature of the feedback signal and the location of the comparator, are unresolved and some of the factors that have impeded progress can be identified.

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739 citations

Cites background from "Oculomotor unit behavior in the mon..."

...Horizontal, vertical and oblique saccades Describing the saccadic command signals that are issued by motor neuron...
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Journal Article•DOI•

Posture control and trajectory formation during arm movement

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Emilio Bizzi, N. Accornero, W. Chapple, Neville Hogan

01 Nov 1984-The Journal of Neuroscience

TL;DR: The hypothesis that a desired joint position is determined by the ratio of the tensions of agonist and antagonist muscles is tested and it is concluded that the processes underlying trajectory formation must be more complex than a simple switch between one equilibrium position and another.

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Abstract: One hypothesis for the generation of spatially oriented arm movements by the central nervous system is that a desired joint position is determined by the ratio of the tensions of agonist and antagonist muscles. According to this hypothesis, the transition between equilibrium states should be solely a function of the contraction time of the motor units and the mechanical properties of the arm. We tested this hypothesis in intact and deafferented rhesus monkeys by holding the forearm and measuring the accelerative transient after release of the forearm and by directly measuring the time course of the increase in torque during the movement. Both methods indicated an average time of 400 msec for attaining peak torque in a movement with a duration of 700 msec. In addition, by displacing the arm from its normal trajectory during the movement, we observed that the arm returned neither to the initial nor to the final equilibrium positions, but to points intermediate between them. We conclude that the processes underlying trajectory formation must be more complex than a simple switch between one equilibrium position and another.

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721 citations

Cites background from "Oculomotor unit behavior in the mon..."

...It is conceivable that, for very fast movements, the shift in equilibrium point may be more abrupt (step-like) or may even specify a point beyond the intended equilibrium point (Hogan, 1984), which would amount to a pulse-step command of the type known to control eye movements (Robinson, 1970) and fast limb movements (Desmedt and Godaux, 1978)....
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...…the shift in equilibrium point may be more abrupt (step-like) or may even specify a point beyond the intended equilibrium point (Hogan, 1984), which would amount to a pulse-step command of the type known to control eye movements (Robinson, 1970) and fast limb movements (Desmedt and Godaux, 1978)....
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Oculomotor unit behavior in the monkey.

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