On grinding force ratio, specific energy, G-ratio and residual stress in SQCL assisted grinding using aerosol of MWCNT nanofluid
TL;DR: In this article, water based multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) dispersed nanofluid was produced and used as a cutting fluid in small quantity cooling lubrication (SQCL) assisted gri...
Abstract: In the present investigation, water based multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) dispersed nanofluid was produced and used as a cutting fluid in small quantity cooling lubrication (SQCL) assisted gri...
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53 citations
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TL;DR: In this article , the grain tribological mechanism and an improved temperature model based on a discrete heat source are proposed to reveal the temperature variation law of a workpiece in an actual grinding process.
Abstract: A high grinding temperature will cause thermal damage to a workpiece surface and deterioration of surface integrity, which is the bottleneck of grinding. The present grinding temperature theoretical model is based on grain homogeneity and the continuous heat source distribution in the grinding zone. However, the random change in interference between the effective grains and a workpiece during the machining process causes a change in the grain tribological properties, resulting in varying transient grinding temperatures. Based on the current situation, the grain tribological mechanism and an improved temperature model based on a discrete heat source are proposed to reveal the temperature variation law of a workpiece in an actual grinding process. First, the surface topography model of a grinding wheel is established based on the geometric characteristics of grains, and the determination mechanism of effective grains is revealed. Furthermore, the interference mechanical behavior of the grains and workpiece is analyzed according to the kinematic law of grains in the sliding, plowing, and cutting stages. The mechanical model and specific grinding energy model at different stages are established, and the thermal distribution mechanism of effective grains is revealed. Finally, a temperature field mathematical model of a discrete heat source is established, and numerical simulation is performed to demonstrate the dynamic temperature change process of different grains. A new experimental method for measuring temperature at different positions of the workpiece with a bipolar thermocouple array is designed, and a regional numerical simulation and experimental temperature comparison method is innovatively proposed. Experimental results show that the grinding temperature measured under different cutting depth conditions is in good agreement with the numerical results, and the variation law is consistent. The minimum error in 64 groups of experimental measuring and numerical calculation comparison zones can reach 4.9%, and the proportion of zones with errors less than 10% can approach 86%. This study will provide a theoretical basis for the accurate suppression of workpiece surface thermal damage and the development of precision grinding in engineering discipline and machinery industry.
15 citations
DOI•
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02 Jan 2023
TL;DR: In this paper , the effects of hard grinding with key focus on temperature, surface roughness and chips morphology under the application of CNT-mixed MQL and compressed air were studied.
Abstract: ABSTRACT Conventional flood cooling system has some environmental and economic issues. Minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) has been established as a better strategy to control the machining temperature than conventional flood cooling system. Integrated use of carbon nanotube (CNT) with MQL has been drawing attention in recent times. The purpose was to study the effects of hard grinding with key focus on temperature, surface roughness and chips morphology under the application of CNT-mixed MQL and compressed air. The hardness of work material (AISI 1060 steel) was varied at three values (40, 45 and 50 HRC) with the variation of fluid flow rates and infeed rates to observe the machining behaviour. Experimental plan was established using full factorial design of experiment while mathematical models and optimisation were constructed following response surface methodology (RSM). Optimum output responses were flow rate 75 ml/h, infeed (depth of cut) 10 µm and hardness of material is from 40 to 45 HRC. Fluid flow rate of 75 ml/h resulted in best surface finish while work material of 40 HRC hardness generated lowest temperature while machining. A lower hardness values and a moderate flow rate produced favourable machining outcomes, i.e. lower temperature and improved surface finish.
1 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper , a literature review presents the findings of different researchers in the field of nano fluids and micro-lubrication techniques, especially nanofluid MQL with optimized process parameters.
Abstract: The lubrication is a prime requirement of metal cutting industries to assure high quality performance. The conventional technique of coolant flow is less economical and eco-friendly. Recently, nano fluids found better cutting fluid in machining due to potential thermal and heat transfer properties. The role of micro-lubrication techniques and process optimization are equally important for improving process performance. The literature review presents the findings of different researchers in the field of nano fluids and micro-lubrication techniques. The experimental studies were focused on better process performance using micro-lubrication techniques, especially nanofluid MQL with optimized process parameters. The thermal conductivity of water based TiO2 nano fluid shows improvement by 22% in base fluids. The case study discussed which is focused on preparation and characterization of nano fluid, experimental setup and optimization of process parameters by Jaya algorithm. Finally, application of nano fluid, and challenges during nano fluid preparation is identified. The scope of research work is recommended for further study to obtain an economical, eco-friendly manufacturing process.
1 citations
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TL;DR: In this article , the main features of the grinding process and their importance in diagnostic issues are discussed, and the authors pointed out that the parameters used to assess the topography of the ground surfaces do not have sufficient possibilities to differentiate the surface condition of the Grinding wheels.
Abstract: The article presents the technological aspects of the diagnostics of grinding processes. The main features of the grinding process and their importance in diagnostic issues are discussed. Selected issues of research and assessment of the condition of the active surface of grinding wheels are presented. The authors pointed out that the parameters used to assess the topography of the ground surfaces do not have sufficient possibilities to differentiate the surface condition of the grinding wheels. This publication draws attention to the possibility of using new dedicated parameters to assess the properties of the grinding wheel surface. These parameters have a high ability to differentiate changes occurring as a result of the abrasion of grain vertices, their chipping or loading of the grinding wheel surface. The methodology of assessing the processes of abrasive grain wear and changes in the shape and dimensions of the grinding wheel, taking into account the probabilistic features of the grinding process, was formulated. The directions for the development of abrasive tools are presented, pointing to hybrid tools with a multi-phase structure, modified by additions of abrasive aggregates. A new research direction has also been formulated on the use of additive technology to produce specialised abrasive tools, including those with built-in process sensors.
1 citations
References
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors have produced nanotube-in-oil suspensions and measured their effective thermal conductivity, which is anomalously greater than theoretical predictions and is nonlinear with nanotubes loadings.
Abstract: We have produced nanotube-in-oil suspensions and measured their effective thermal conductivity. The measured thermal conductivity is anomalously greater than theoretical predictions and is nonlinear with nanotube loadings. The anomalous phenomena show the fundamental limits of conventional heat conduction models for solid/liquid suspensions. We have suggested physical concepts for understanding the anomalous thermal behavior of nanotube suspensions. In comparison with other nanostructured materials dispersed in fluids, the nanotubes provide the highest thermal conductivity enhancement, opening the door to a wide range of nanotube applications.
2,301 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the enhancement of the thermal conductivity of water in the presence of carbon-multiwall nanotubes (C-MWNTs) was investigated, and a transient hot-wire instrument was built for this purpose, and operated with a standard uncertainty better than 2.
Abstract: The enhancement of the thermal conductivity of water in the presence of carbon-multiwall nanotubes (C-MWNT) was investigated. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) was employed as the dispersant, and a 0.6 vol% suspension of C-MWNT in water was used in all measurements. The thermal conductivity was measured with a transient hot-wire instrument built for this purpose, and operated with a standard uncertainty better than 2 The maximum thermal conductivity enhancement obtained was 38 %. In an attempt to explain the experimental observations, a number of micro-structural investigations have been carried out and those results are presented here along with the analysis.
324 citations
"On grinding force ratio, specific e..." refers background in this paper
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TL;DR: In this article, the role of MQL on cutting temperature, chip formation and product quality in turning AISI-1040 steel at different industrial speed-feed combinations by uncoated carbide insert was investigated.
Abstract: In metal industries, the use of cutting fluid has become more problematic in terms of both employee health and environmental pollution. But the use of cutting fluid generally causes economy of tools and it becomes easier to keep tight tolerances and to maintain workpiece surface properties without damages. Because of them some alternatives has been sought to minimize or even avoid the use of cutting fluid in machining operations. Some of these alternatives are dry machining and machining with minimum quantity of lubrication (MQL). This paper deals with experimental investigations in the role of MQL on cutting temperature, chip formation and product quality in turning AISI-1040 steel at different industrial speed-feed combinations by uncoated carbide insert. The results have been compared with dry machining and machining with soluble oil as coolant. The experimental results indicate that such MQL enables substantial reduction in the cutting temperature, dimensional inaccuracy depending upon the levels of the cutting velocity and feed rate. It was also noted that the chip formation and chip–tool interaction become more favorable under MQL condition. Therefore, it appears that MQL, if properly employed, not only provides environment friendliness but can also improve the machinability characteristics.
295 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, various nanoparticles, such as multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT), fullerene, copper oxide, silicon dioxide and silver, are used to produce nanofluids for enhancing thermal conductivity and lubrication.
Abstract: Nanofluid is a kind of new engineering material consisting of nanometer-sized particles dispersed in base fluid. In this study, various nanoparticles, such as multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT), fullerene, copper oxide, silicon dioxide and silver, are used to produce nanofluids for enhancing thermal conductivity and lubrication. As base fluids, DI water, ethylene glycol, oil, silicon oil and poly-α-olefin oil (PAO) are used. To investigate the thermo-physical properties of nanofluids, thermal conductivity and kinematic viscosity are measured. Stability estimation of nanofluid is conducted with UV–vis spectrophotometer. Also, the extreme pressure of nanofluids has been measured with FALEX EP tester. Thermal conductivity of nanofluid increases with increasing particle volume fraction except water-based fullerene nanofluid which has lower thermal conductivity than base fluid due to its lower thermal conductivity, 0.4 W/mK. In addition of fullerene in oil, the extreme pressure of nanofluids increases up to 225%. Stability of nanofluid is influenced by the characteristics between base fluid and suspended nanoparticles.
290 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors review the progress made in the wetting and spreading of nanofluids over solid surfaces with an emphasis on the complex interactions between the particles in the nanoparticles and with the solid substrate.
Abstract: The wetting and spreading behavior of pure liquids over solid surfaces changes if liquids contain nanosized spherical particles or surfactant micelles, globular proteins and macromolecules. Recent studies on the spreading of nanofluids have demonstrated the inadequacy of well-known concepts of the spreading and adhesion of pure liquids on solid surfaces in understanding nanofluid spreading behavior. This paper reviews the progress made in the wetting and spreading of nanofluids over solid surfaces with an emphasis on the complex interactions between the particles in the nanofluid and with the solid substrate, as well as the spreading of thin nanofluid films containing nanoparticles on hydrophilic surfaces driven by the structural disjoining pressure gradient. The spreading droplet advances as a series of distinct nanoparticle layers.
220 citations
"On grinding force ratio, specific e..." refers background in this paper
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