On grinding force ratio, specific energy, G-ratio and residual stress in SQCL assisted grinding using aerosol of MWCNT nanofluid
TL;DR: In this article, water based multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) dispersed nanofluid was produced and used as a cutting fluid in small quantity cooling lubrication (SQCL) assisted gri...
Abstract: In the present investigation, water based multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) dispersed nanofluid was produced and used as a cutting fluid in small quantity cooling lubrication (SQCL) assisted gri...
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53 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the grain tribological mechanism and an improved temperature model based on a discrete heat source are proposed to reveal the temperature variation law of a workpiece in an actual grinding process.
15 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the cooling condition in the grinding contact zone (GCZ) determines the cooling effect during high-efficiency deep grinding (HEDG), and cooling conditions play an important role in controlling thermal damage in high efficiency deep grinding.
Abstract: Coolants play an important role in controlling thermal damage in high-efficiency deep grinding (HEDG). The cooling condition in the grinding contact zone (GCZ) determines the cooling effect during ...
7 citations
TL;DR: In this article , the effects of hard grinding with key focus on temperature, surface roughness and chips morphology under the application of CNT-mixed MQL and compressed air were studied.
Abstract: Conventional flood cooling system has some environmental and economic issues. Minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) has been established as a better strategy to control the machining temperature than conventional flood cooling system. Integrated use of carbon nanotube (CNT) with MQL has been drawing attention in recent times. The purpose was to study the effects of hard grinding with key focus on temperature, surface roughness and chips morphology under the application of CNT-mixed MQL and compressed air. The hardness of work material (AISI 1060 steel) was varied at three values (40, 45 and 50 HRC) with the variation of fluid flow rates and infeed rates to observe the machining behaviour. Experimental plan was established using full factorial design of experiment while mathematical models and optimisation were constructed following response surface methodology (RSM). Optimum output responses were flow rate 75 ml/h, infeed (depth of cut) 10 µm and hardness of material is from 40 to 45 HRC. Fluid flow rate of 75 ml/h resulted in best surface finish while work material of 40 HRC hardness generated lowest temperature while machining. A lower hardness values and a moderate flow rate produced favourable machining outcomes, i.e. lower temperature and improved surface finish.
2 citations
DOI•
02 Jan 2023
TL;DR: In this paper , the effects of hard grinding with key focus on temperature, surface roughness and chips morphology under the application of CNT-mixed MQL and compressed air were studied.
Abstract: ABSTRACT Conventional flood cooling system has some environmental and economic issues. Minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) has been established as a better strategy to control the machining temperature than conventional flood cooling system. Integrated use of carbon nanotube (CNT) with MQL has been drawing attention in recent times. The purpose was to study the effects of hard grinding with key focus on temperature, surface roughness and chips morphology under the application of CNT-mixed MQL and compressed air. The hardness of work material (AISI 1060 steel) was varied at three values (40, 45 and 50 HRC) with the variation of fluid flow rates and infeed rates to observe the machining behaviour. Experimental plan was established using full factorial design of experiment while mathematical models and optimisation were constructed following response surface methodology (RSM). Optimum output responses were flow rate 75 ml/h, infeed (depth of cut) 10 µm and hardness of material is from 40 to 45 HRC. Fluid flow rate of 75 ml/h resulted in best surface finish while work material of 40 HRC hardness generated lowest temperature while machining. A lower hardness values and a moderate flow rate produced favourable machining outcomes, i.e. lower temperature and improved surface finish.
1 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the wheel wear and tribological characteristics in wet, dry, and minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) grinding of cast iron were investigated in the presence of water-based Al2O3 and diamond nanofluids.
Abstract: This research investigated the wheel wear and tribological characteristics in wet, dry, and minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) grinding of cast iron. Water-based Al2O3 and diamond nanofluids were applied in the MQL grinding process and the grinding results were compared with those of pure water. During the nanofluid MQL grinding, a dense and hard slurry layer was formed on the wheel surface and could benefit the grinding performance. Experimental results showed that G-ratio, defined as the volume of material removed per unit volume of grinding wheel wear, could be improved with high-concentration nanofluids. Nanofluids showed the benefits of reducing grinding forces, improving surface roughness, and preventing workpiece burning. Compared to dry grinding, MQL grinding could significantly reduce the grinding temperature.
231 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the cutting performance of synthetic ester oil and vegetable and synthetic esters oil were compared on the basis of the surface quality properties that would be suitable for minimal quantity lubrication (MQL) applications.
Abstract: Titanium and its alloys are attractive materials due to their unique high strength–weight ratio that is maintained at elevated temperatures and their exceptional corrosion resistance. The major application of titanium has been in the aerospace industry. On the other hand, titanium and its alloys are notorious for their poor thermal properties and are classified as difficult-to-machine materials. The problems that arise during grinding of titanium alloys are attributed to the high specific energy and high grinding zone temperature. Significant progress has been made in dry and semidry machining recently, and minimal quantity lubrication (MQL) machining in particular has been accepted as a successful semidry application because of its environmentally friendly characteristics. A number of studies have shown that MQL machining can show satisfactory performance in practical machining operations. However, there has been few investigation of MQL grinding of special alloys like titanium alloys and the cutting fluids to be used in MQL grinding of these alloys. In this study, vegetable and synthetic esters oil are compared on the basis of the surface quality properties that would be suitable for MQL applications. The cutting performance of fluids is also evaluated using conventional wet (fluid) grinding of Ti–6Al–4V. As a result, synthetic ester oil is found to be optimal cutting fluids for MQL grinding of Ti–6Al–4V.
214 citations
"On grinding force ratio, specific e..." refers background in this paper
...A substantial improvement in grinding performance under SQCL environment in terms of reduced force level, surface roughness and improved wheel life has been documented in the literature (Sadeghi et al., 2009; Tawakoli et al., 2010; Barczak and Batako 2012)....
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TL;DR: In this article, the effect of cryogenic machining on surface integrity characteristics is discussed, and compared with dry, minimum quantity lubrication (MQL), and flood-cooled machining processes.
Abstract: The process of cryogenic machining, due to increased demand for environmentally friendly manufacturing processes, has seen a growing interest in the machining community. This article presents an overview of cryogenic machining and its induced surface integrity characteristics such as surface roughness, topography, grain refinement and machining-induced layer, microhardness, phase transformation, residual stress and fatigue life in machining of various materials including difficult-to-machine materials, aerospace alloys, lightweight materials, etc. The effect of cryogenic machining on surface integrity characteristics is discussed, and compared with dry, Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL), and flood-cooled machining processes. In addition to being an environmentally friendly process, this study shows that cryogenic machining significantly contributes to improved functional performance of machined components through its superior and more desirable surface integrity characteristics.
202 citations
"On grinding force ratio, specific e..." refers background in this paper
...Both the nanofluids are already proven to be effective in lowering the level of grinding force, increasing wheel life and improving surface finish in their respective applications (Shen et al., 2008; Lee et al., 2012)....
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the characteristics of a nanofluid minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) micro-grinding process through a series of experiments and demonstrated that the type, size and volumetric concentration of nanoparticles are critical parameters to have influence on the performances of micro grinding process.
Abstract: Nanofluid minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) technique has recently attained a significant attention for mechanical machining processes to reduce environmental loads caused by full usage of metal working fluids (MWF). Nanofluid refers to a fluid containing nanoparticles, which has superior lubrication and cooling characteristics. This paper investigates the characteristics of a nanofluid MQL micro-grinding process through a series of experiments. The miniaturized desktop machine tool system is developed, and a small grinding wheel is used to effectively realize the nanofluid MQL microgrinding process. Nanodiamond and nano-Al2O3 particles are selected, and the base fluid is paraffin oil. The experimental results show that nanofluid MQL is effective for reducing grinding forces and enhancing surface quality. In addition, it is demonstrated that the type, size and volumetric concentration of nanoparticles are critical parameters to have influence on the performances of micro-grinding process.
199 citations
"On grinding force ratio, specific e..." refers background in this paper
...MWCNT is another nano material which can significantly enhance heat transfer rate (Choi et al., 2001; Assael et al., 2004; Hwang et al., 2006; Manoj Kumar and Ghosh 2015) and lubricity (Hwang et al., 2006) of the basefluid but is found to be least explored for grinding application....
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TL;DR: In this article, the effects of the boundary layer on cutting fluid application and how it can be used to aid delivery by increasing flow rate beneath the wheel were investigated through experiment and modelling.
Abstract: It is well known that a boundary layer of air is entrained around a rotating grinding wheel. The effects of the boundary layer have been under some scrutiny in recent years with most research being based on trying to overcome the boundary layer. The current investigation aims to show through experiment and modelling, the effects of the boundary layer on cutting fluid application and how it can be used to aid delivery by increasing flow rate beneath the wheel. Results from three experiments with different quantities of cutting fluid passing through the grinding zone are presented.
188 citations