On-machine and in-process surface metrology for precision manufacturing
TL;DR: Error separation algorithms for removing machine tool errors, which is specially required in on-machine and in-process surface metrology, are overviewed, followed by a discussion on calibration and traceability.
About: This article is published in CIRP Annals.The article was published on 2019-06-13 and is currently open access. It has received 232 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Surface metrology & Metrology.
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TL;DR: The infrastructure under development for specification standards in AM is presented, and the research on geometrical dimensioning and tolerancing for AM is reviewed, and post-process metrology is covered, including the measurement of surface form, texture and internal features.
177 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors focus on process planning including build orientation, slicing, and path planning, as well as the definition of process parameter selection from a single track to multi-track and multilayer, and finally geometric features from a thinwall to lattice structures with several case studies.
173 citations
Cites background from "On-machine and in-process surface m..."
...Exclusion topics as reviewed elsewhere include mass transfer phenomena and topology optimization modelling [20], design methodologies and software [21,22], microstructural and materials related WAAM [23–25], in-process monitoring and in-machine surface metrology [26,27],mechanical properties [9,11,28], design for AM and application of WAAM [29–31]....
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TL;DR: This keynote paper summarizes the capabilities of single-step and multi-step/multi-physics approaches for their applicability across different scales and gives an outlook on which processes could potentially become relevant in the future.
58 citations
Cites background from "On-machine and in-process surface m..."
...focuses on the benefits of on-machine metrology for precision machining processes, which potentially serves as an enabling technology for future surface structuring processes [54]....
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TL;DR: A theoretical basis and roadmap to further study or build MVCMFD-MTs using information from the machined surface texture is provided, and current challenges and potential research directions in nowadays intelligent manufacturing are discussed.
52 citations
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Book•
01 Jan 1988TL;DR: The fourth edition has been thoroughly updated and revised to include a new chapter on recursive subdivision, as well as new sections on triangulations and scattered data interpolants, and the disk in the back of the book has been updated to include all of the programs, as the data sets from the text.
Abstract: From the Publisher:
This book will be of interest to computer graphics enthusiasts, software developers for CAD/CAM systems, geometric modeling researchers, graphics programmers, academicians, and many others throughout the graphics community Assuming only a background in calculus and basic linear algebra, the author's informal and reader-friendly style makes the material accessible to a wide audience Finally, the included disk contains data sets and all of the C programs used in the book, making it easier for the user to gain first-hand experience with the concepts as they are explained This unified treatment of curve and surface design concepts focuses on Bezier and B-spline methods for curves, rational Bezier and B-spline curves, geometric continuity, spline interpolation, and Coons methods The fourth edition has been thoroughly updated and revised to include a new chapter on recursive subdivision, as well as new sections on triangulations and scattered data interpolants Finally, the disk in the back of the book has been updated to include all of the programs, as well as the data sets from the text
2,133 citations
TL;DR: An automatic algorithm to detect basic shapes in unorganized point clouds based on random sampling and detects planes, spheres, cylinders, cones and tori, and obtains a representation solely consisting of shape proxies.
Abstract: In this paper we present an automatic algorithm to detect basic shapes in unorganized point clouds. The algorithm decomposes the point cloud into a concise, hybrid structure of inherent shapes and a set of remaining points. Each detected shape serves as a proxy for a set of corresponding points. Our method is based on random sampling and detects planes, spheres, cylinders, cones and tori. For models with surfaces composed of these basic shapes only, for example, CAD models, we automatically obtain a representation solely consisting of shape proxies. We demonstrate that the algorithm is robust even in the presence of many outliers and a high degree of noise. The proposed method scales well with respect to the size of the input point cloud and the number and size of the shapes within the data. Even point sets with several millions of samples are robustly decomposed within less than a minute. Moreover, the algorithm is conceptually simple and easy to implement. Application areas include measurement of physical parameters, scan registration, surface compression, hybrid rendering, shape classification, meshing, simplification, approximation and reverse engineering.
1,800 citations
TL;DR: An overview of multivariate statistical methods use for the statistical process control of both continuous and batch multivariate processes and examples are provided of their use for analysing the operations of a mineral processing plant, for on-line monitoring and fault diagnosis of a continuous polymerization process and for the on- line monitoring of an industrial batch polymerization reactor.
1,174 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors review the fundamentals of numerical error compensation and the available methods for measuring the geometrical errors of a machine and discuss the uncertainties involved in different mapping methods and their application characteristics.
Abstract: For measuring machines and machine tools, geometrical accuracy is a key performance criterion. While numerical compensation is well established for CMMs, it is increasingly used on machine tools in addition to mechanical accuracy. This paper is an update on the CIRP keynote paper by Sartori and Zhang from 1995 [Sartori S, Zhang GX (1995) Geometric error measurement and compensation of machines, Annals of the CIRP 44(2):599–609]. Since then, numerical error compensation has gained immense importance for precision machining. This paper reviews the fundamentals of numerical error compensation and the available methods for measuring the geometrical errors of a machine. It discusses the uncertainties involved in different mapping methods and their application characteristics. Furthermore, the challenges for the use of numerical compensation for manufacturing machines are specified. Based on technology and market development, this work aims at giving a perspective for the role of numerical compensation in the future.
833 citations
TL;DR: Freeform optics is the next generation of modern optics, bringing advantages of excellent optical performance and system integration as mentioned in this paper, and finds wide applications in various fields, such as new energy, illumination, aerospace and biomedical engineering.
638 citations