On the generality of the laws of learning
Citations
4,940 citations
Cites background from "On the generality of the laws of le..."
...Learning is aided by requiring responses that are natural for the learner in a given situation ( Seligman, 1970 )....
[...]
...Learning is aided by requiring responses that are natural for the learner in a given situation (Seligman, 1970)....
[...]
3,472 citations
Cites background from "On the generality of the laws of le..."
...Theories of causality—both highly general ones having to do with temporal sequence and spatial contiguity (Seligman, 1970), as well as highly specific ones, such as the link that all omnivorous mammals are likely to make between distinctivetasting food and gastrointestinal illness experienced many hours later (Garcia, McGowan, Ervin, & Koelling, 1968)—are clearly a part of the organism's biologically given cognitive equipment....
[...]
...Theories of causality—both highly general ones having to do with temporal sequence and spatial contiguity (Seligman, 1970), as well as highly specific ones, such as the link that all omnivorous mammals are likely to make between distinctivetasting food and gastrointestinal illness experienced many…...
[...]
3,032 citations
Cites background or methods from "On the generality of the laws of le..."
...These predictions amount to the claim that learning about negative USs is “prepared,” in the sense defined by Seligman (1970). A third claim is that it should be easier to reverse innate preferences than innate aversions....
[...]
...These predictions amount to the claim that learning about negative USs is "prepared," in the sense defined by Seligman (1970)....
[...]
...Seligman (1970, 1971) used conditioned taste aversions and phobias as prime examples of what he called "prepared" learning....
[...]
2,819 citations
2,777 citations
Cites background from "On the generality of the laws of le..."
...These premises were incorporated into a theory of fear acquisition by Seligman (1970, 1971)....
[...]
...The existence of selective associations clearly challenges what has been termed the equipotentiality premise (Seligman, 1970) of Pavlov (1927) and Thorndike (1898)....
[...]
...…events, an evolutionary approach expects constraints on associative learning depending on the specific contexts in which the events have typically been encountered during evolution (Domjan, 1983; Garcia, McGowan, & Green, 1972; Revusky, 1977; Seligman, 1970; Seligman & Hager, 1972)....
[...]
...Seligman (1970) further proposed that prepared associations not only should be easy to acquire (often in as little as one trial) but also should obey different laws of learning than do nonprepared associations....
[...]
...Seligman (1970, 1971) assumed that evolutionary pressures have predisposed primates to condition fear more readily to stimuli related to recurrent survival threats (phylogenetically fear-relevant stimuli) than to stimuli that never have threatened survival (fear-irrelevant stimuli) or to…...
[...]
References
5,178 citations
2,102 citations