On the principles and mechanism of the combustion of ammonium perchlorate
01 Mar 1966-Russian Chemical Bulletin (Kluwer Academic Publishers-Plenum Publishers)-Vol. 15, Iss: 3, pp 398-403
TL;DR: In this article, the dependence of the rate of combustion of ammonium perchlorate on the pressure, temperature, particle size, density, and ammonium chloride added to the mixture was studied.
Abstract: The dependence of the rate of combustion of ammonium perchlorate on the pressure, temperature, particle size, density, and addition of ammonium chloride was studied, and a mechanism of the combustion of ammonium perchlorate was formulated on the basis of the principles obtained
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01 Jan 1971
TL;DR: In this paper, the deflagration behavior of pure and doped ammonium perchlorate (AP) was studied over the pressure range 300-6000 psia, using cinephotomicrography of burning samples and scanning electron microscopy of quenched samples.
Abstract: The deflagration behavior of pure and doped ammonium perchlorate (AP) was studied over the pressure range 300–6000 psia, using cinephotomicrography of burning samples and scanning electron microscopy of quenched samples. Materials studied were pure AP in single-crystal and pressed-pellet forms, and single crystals with controlled isomorphous substitution of K + , MnO 4 − , and Cr 2 O 7 2− ions. This study shows that previous speculations regarding the combustion of AP are based on erroneous assumptions, and more realistic views, based on the observations, are proposed. In addition, some serious questions regarding the relevance of low-temperature, low heating rate, and low-pressure decomposition data to actual combustion are posed.
38 citations
28 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of pressure, sample temperature and acceleration environments on burning rate for ammonium perchlorate (AP) combustion behavior were investigated for samples prepared in various manners.
Abstract: Differences in ammonium perchlorate (AP) combustion behavior as evidenced by the effects of pressure, sample temperature and acceleration environments on burning rate are shown for samples prepared in various manners. The sample preparation parameters investigated include pellet compaction time and pressure, the particle sizes of the AP powder from which samples were pressed, and the type of AP (ultra-pure, propellant grade, and propellant grade with conditioners) from which the pellets were made.
27 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of catalysts on the pressure limits of ammonium perchlorate combustion was investigated, and it was shown that the lower pressure limit in all cases increased with small additions of each catalyst and then decreased at higher concentrations of catalyst.
Abstract: The effect of KMnO4, Fe2 3, CuO and copper chromite on the pressure limits of combustion of ammonium perchlorate was investigated. The lower pressure limit in all cases increased with small additions of each catalyst and then decreased at higher concentrations of catalyst. An upper pressure limit was observed in the deflagration of samples with high concentrations of KMnO4. It was further observed that the effect of catalysts depends strongly on the way they are distributed as well as their concentration. The catalysis were found to be much more effective at a smaller particle size.
21 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a unified theory is proposed to explain using a single framework the hitherto separately treated aspects of the combustion of ammonium perehlorate: burning rate, low-pressure deflagration limit and ignition.
Abstract: A unified theory is proposed to explain using a single framework the hitherto separately treated aspects of the combustion of ammonium perehlorate: burning rate, low-pressure deflagration limit and ignition. The model on the basis of which the theory is formulated incorporates the experimentally observed microstructure of the burning surface of ammonium perehlorate, which provides an intermediate heat sink in an overall adiabatic system. The theory explains the existence of the low-pressure deflagration limit of ammonium perehlorate, which has eluded previous attempts at theoretical explanation. Furthermore, the theory predicts accurately the variation of the limiting pressure with initial solid temperature and also the nearly constant burning rate at the low-pressure deflagration limit regardless of initial solid temperature. The comparison of the theory and experiment for the low-pressure deflagration limit and burning rate of ammonium perehlorate indicates that the same reaction mechanisms pre...
21 citations
References
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01 Jan 1961
51 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the decomposition flame of ammonium perchlorate has been studied by measurement of burning rate, flame temperature and perchlorates surface temperature, and reaction products have been analysed in some detail and showed that nitric oxide and nitrous oxide are important oxidizers, in addition to oxygen and chlorine.
48 citations