Oncogenomics and CYP450 Implications in Personalized Cancer Therapy

TLDR: This review outlines the roles of oncogenes, the importance of cytochrome P450 (CYP450) in cancer susceptibility, and its impact on drug metabolism, proposing combined approaches to achieve precision therapy.

Abstract: \n\nThe Human Genome Project has unleashed the power of genomics\nin clinical practice as a choice of individualized therapy, particularly in cancer\ntreatment. Pharmacogenomics is an interdisciplinary field of genomics that deals with\ndrug response, based on individual genetic makeup.\n\n\n\nThe main genetic events associated with carcinogenesis activate oncogenes or\ninactivate tumor-suppressor genes. Therefore, drugs should be specific to inactivate or\nregulate these mutant genes and their protein products for effective cancer treatment. In\nthis review, we summarize how polymedication decisions in cancer treatments based on\nthe evaluation of cytochrome P450 (CYP450) polymorphisms are applied for pharmacogenetic\nassessment of anticancer therapy outcomes.\n\n\n\nHowever, multiple genetic events linked, inactivating a single mutant gene product,\nmay be insufficient to inhibit tumor progress. Thus, genomics and pharmacogenetics\ndirectly influence a patient’s response and aid in guiding clinicians to select the safest and\nmost effective combination of medications for a cancer patient from the initial prescription.\n\n\n\nThis review outlines the roles of oncogenes, the importance of cytochrome\nP450 (CYP450) in cancer susceptibility, and its impact on drug metabolism, proposing\ncombined approaches to achieve precision therapy.\n