One dimensional man
About: This article is published in Philosophical Books.The article was published on 1965-05-01. It has received 2842 citations till now.
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TL;DR: On the other hand, Presley's "That's All Right (Mama)" as mentioned in this paper became a regional hit, reaching number one in the Memphis Country and Western charts and becoming the first hit for Elvis.
Abstract: July 1954. On Sunday July 4, French forces abandoned the town of Phuly to advancing Vietminh insurgents. Though the town had previously been considered a key point in the communications between Hanoi and the lower Red River delta, Premier Pierre Mendes-France declared that the pullback had strengthened the French military situation. On July 5, at Sam Phillips's studio in Memphis a young white man recorded "That's All Right (Mama)," a song written and recorded in the forties by a black bluesman, Arthur "Big Boy" Crudup. On July 10, after the record was first broadcast on WHBQ, the radio station's switchboard was jammed with callers. That evening the record was played over and over; rock and roll as we know it was on the air, and Elvis Presley on his way to stardom. The same day, having been informed that the French had recognized an independent sovereign "State of Vietnam" in a secret treaty signed with Emperor Bao Dai, Ngo Dinh Diem, an anti-communist Vietnamese nationalist, agreed to form a government. On July 18, in Geneva, Tran Van Do, Foreign Minister of the French-created state, rejected drafts of a Final Declaration that allowed the country to be partitioned into two separate zones. On July 19, "That's All Right (Mama)" was officially released; eventually it became a regional hit, reaching number one in the Memphis Country and Western charts. On July 20, French delegates signed a cease-fire agreement with delegates representing Ho Chi Minh's Democratic Republic of Vietnam. The agreement required all troops to withdraw to opposite sides of a provisional military demarcation line; troop levels were to be frozen, and elections were to be held in the summer of 1956. May 1956. Three hundred and fifty U.S. Military personnel were sent to Vietnam. The number one record at the time was "Heartbreak Hotel," Elvis's first for RCA, where Phillips had sold him for $35,000. During the Vietnam war, RCA's Department of Defense contracts averaged $300 million a year (Chapple and
25 citations
25 citations
TL;DR: In the past decade, the United States has experienced a deepening economic crisis and a decline in the quality of life (Castells, 1980). The search for security in material reward and in cultural meanings which offer consolation for material deprivation and uncertainty speeds up and appears in a caricatured and bifurcated form as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: In the past decade, the United States has experienced a deepening economic crisis and a decline in the quality of life (Castells, 1980). The search for security in material reward and in cultural meanings which offer consolation for material deprivation and uncertainty speeds up and appears in a caricatured and bifurcated form. Careerism in work and fundamentalism in belief are the most evident expressions of the frantic fashion in which individuals try to solve dilemmas posed by the current character of social change. The social theory of education, despite its claim of detachment as science or critique, is an integral part of these social and cultural changes. The liberal or progressive view of faith in education as the basis of social reform developed during an earlier period of social expansion and belief in a democratic culture (Welter, 1962; Wexler, 1976). The current view of education as cultural reproduction began as a critique of the liberal social theory of education. Cultural reproduction theory belongs to a later time, when commitment to a common culture has become less tenable as a result of the salience of social fragmentation and class division. The most insightful intellectuals see prevailing social arrangements and patterns of culture as partial, deceptive, and socially oppressive. Withdrawal of faith in education is an aspect of this more general removal of commitment from a system of symbolic interpretation that has lost its claim to universality and its capacity to compensate for socioeconomic deprivation with cultural consolation. Cultural meanings, and the institutions through which they are are transmitted, are identified with social domination. The intellectual work of this period is the work of the critique of culture as ideology, and the demonstration of ways in which the acceptance of ideology in general, and through schooling in particular, blocks the realisation of the interests and needs of deprived, and potentially ascendant, social groups (Young, 1971; Brown, 1973; Bourdieu, 1977; Apple, 1979a). This disenchantment is connected to an affirmation, among intellectuals, of the endogenous cultures of the oppressed as more authentic and socially accurate than the official culture. It is also marked by a withdrawal of faith in cultural institutions which
25 citations
Dissertation•
24 May 2013
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigate processes of social closure based on lifestyle differences; in particular differences in people's consumption preferences and aesthetical tastes; in which lifestyle differences lead to social boundaries being formed between more or less exclusive groups of people.
Abstract: This thesis concerns the correspondence between relations of social class and relations of social status. Dating back to the early days of the social sciences, the debate about class and status has been revitalised in the wake of the initial advances made by the late French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu (1930-2002), who firmly asserted that class relations express themselves through socially structured, and symbolically significant, lifestyle differences in contemporary societies. As a point of departure this thesis takes the debate about the applicability of Bourdieu’s theoreticalmethodological framework and his substantial claims about what I call the classstatus nexus to investigate processes of social closure based on lifestyle differences; in particular differences in people’s consumption preferences and aesthetical tastes. It addresses the question of whether, and if so in which ways, such lifestyle differences lead to social boundaries being formed between more or less exclusive groups of people. Empirically investigating an urban community located on the south-west coast of Norway – the city of Stavanger – the study is based on qualitative interviews with forty-six individuals located in different classes and class fractions. Three substantial claims are forwarded. First, the analysis points to structural affinities between class positions and different cultural tastes. In particular, the thesis makes the point that how people appreciate cultural and material goods is at least as significant as what they prefer, consume or engage in. Based on the assumption that the ways in which people classify various goods are indicative of their modes of perceiving, appropriating and appreciating these goods, four main modes of consumption corresponding to different class positions are identified. These findings indicate that the social distribution of different consumption preferences and aesthetical tastes is clearly linked to the local class structure. Second, the analysis supports the idea that this classed distribution of lifestyles amounts to the formation of more or less exclusive status groups. It is argued that the interviewees’ expressed aversions to others indicate more or less explicit lifestyle-related antagonisms between social actors located in different class positions. More specifically, it is
25 citations
Cites background from "One dimensional man"
...These include: thematics related to ‘the culture industry’ and its means of ‘mass deception’ and ‘commodity fetishism’ (Adorno and Horkheimer, 1972; Marcuse, 1966); the role of consumption in the coming of a new historical epoch, often denoted by terms such as ‘postmodernity’, ‘post-industrial society’, ‘risk society’ and ‘consumer society’ (Bell, 1976; Lash and Urry, 1987; Beck, 1992; Baudrillard, 1998); the rise of ‘postmodernist aesthetics’ as a consequence of developments within the ‘capitalist economy’ (Harvey, 1990; Jameson, 1991); the role of lifestyles in the constitution of ‘reflexive self-identities’ (Giddens, 1991); the ideological aspects of ‘consumerism’ and its negative impact on the human psyche (Bauman, 2001, 2004); the positive ‘use-value’ goods of various kinds can imply for consumers (Sayer, 2005); and, finally, ‘subcultures’ and the significance of ‘style’ in constituting youthful ‘acts of revolt’ (Hall and Jefferson, 1976; Hebdige, 1979)....
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...These include: thematics related to ‘the culture industry’ and its means of ‘mass deception’ and ‘commodity fetishism’ (Adorno and Horkheimer, 1972; Marcuse, 1966); the role of consumption in the coming of a new historical epoch, often denoted by terms such as ‘postmodernity’, ‘post-industrial…...
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors identify four traditions of voice: the mys tical, the prophetic, the mythic and the civil, and contrast them with two additional genres of more recent, post-modern vintage: the autobiographical and the fictional.
Abstract: Intelligibility in the human sciences, as elsewhere, is born of tradition. The present inquiry is into the traditions currently deployed in the human sciences to achieve credibility. In particular, how are we to understand the character of voice in human science writings such that they achieve rhetorical power, and how do these writings variously position their readers? Four traditions of voice are identified: the mys tical, the prophetic, the mythic and the civil. These modes of annunci ation are contrasted with two additional genres of more recent, postmodern vintage: the autobiographical and the fictional. Illustra tions are provided from major scientific writings. The modes of voice are contrasted in terms of the functions served within the sciences, along with their limitations in communicative capacity, and the cultural forms of life which the author-reader relationships variously invite.
25 citations
References
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined accounts of travelers in terms of Erving Goffman's front versus back distinction and found that tourists try to enter back regions of the places they visit because these regions are associated with intimacy of relations and authenticity of experiences.
Abstract: The problem of false consciousness and its relationship to the social structure of tourist establishments is analyzed. Accounts of travelers are examined in terms of Erving Goffman's front versus back distinction. It is found that tourists try to enter back regions of the places they visit because these regions are associated with intimacy of relations and authenticity of experiences. It is also found that tourist settings are arrenged to produce the impression that a back region has been entered even when this is not the case. In tourist settings, between the front and the back there is a series of special spaces designed to accommodate tourists and to support their beliefs in the authenticity of their experiences. Goffman's front-back dichotomy is shown to be ideal poles of a continuum, or a variable.
2,627 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1995
TL;DR: Casey as discussed by the authors explored the effects of contemporary practices of work on the self and found that changes currently occuring in the world of work are part of the vast social and cultural changes that are challenging the meta trends of modern industrialism.
Abstract: Despite recent interest in the effects of restructuring and redesigning the work place, the link between individual identity and structural change has usually been asserted rather than demonstrated. Through an extensive review of data from field work in a multi-national corporation Catherine Casey changes this. She knows that changes currently occuring in the world of work are part of the vast social and cultural changes that are challenging the meta trends of modern industrialism. These events affect what people do everyday, and they are altering relations among ourselves and with the physical world. This valuable book is not only a critical analysis of the transformations occurring in the world of work, but an exploration of the effects of contemporary practices of work on the self.
540 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors interpret critical urban theory with reference to four mutually interconnected elements: its theoretical character; its reflexivity; its critique of instrumental reason; and its emphasis on the disjuncture between the actual and the possible.
Abstract: What is critical urban theory? While this phrase is often used in a descriptive sense, to characterize the tradition of post‐1968 leftist or radical urban studies, I argue that it also has determinate social–theoretical content. To this end, building on the work of several Frankfurt School social philosophers, this paper interprets critical theory with reference to four, mutually interconnected elements—its theoretical character; its reflexivity; its critique of instrumental reason; and its emphasis on the disjuncture between the actual and the possible. On this basis, a brief concluding section considers the status of urban questions within critical social theory. In the early 21st century, I argue, each of the four key elements within critical social theory requires sustained engagement with contemporary patterns of capitalist urbanization. Under conditions of increasingly generalized, worldwide urbanization, the project of critical social theory and that of critical urban theory have been intertwined a...
356 citations
TL;DR: The authors provide an overview of the key images of identity in organizations found in the research literature, including self-doubters, strugglers, surfers, storytellers, strategists, stencils and soldiers.
Abstract: This article provides an overview of the key images of identity in organizations found in the research literature. Image refers to the overall idea or conceptualization, capturing how researchers relate to — and shape — a phenomenon. Seven images are suggested: self-doubters, strugglers, surfers, storytellers, strategists, stencils and soldiers. These refer to how the individual is metaphorically understood in terms of identity, that is, how the researcher (research text) captures the individual producing a sense of self. The article aims to facilitate orientation — or encourage productive confusion — within the field, encourage reflexivity and sharpen analytic choices through awareness of options for how to conceptualize self-identity constructions.
289 citations