One dimensional man
About: This article is published in Philosophical Books.The article was published on 1965-05-01. It has received 2842 citations till now.
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TL;DR: The authors reviewed positivism and its assumptions and then returned to Lyotard's 1979 cogent critique, paralogy that describes postmodern knowledge that moves toward the unknown by engaging undecidables, paradox, incomplete information and catastrophes.
Abstract: During the first decade of the twenty-first century, neopositivist claims made about the nature and validity of knowledge in the debates about scientifically based research were countered by educators who, decades earlier, had made various turns away from positivism and were surprised by its resurgence. In those debates, positivists often used postmodernism as a code word for any social science approach that was not positivist and so, they claimed, could not be scientific. To remind us of the nature of positivism and the limits of the knowledge it enables, this paper reviews its assumptions and then returns to Lyotard’s 1979 cogent critique, paralogy that describes postmodern knowledge that moves toward the unknown by engaging undecidables, paradox, incomplete information and catastrophes.
37 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a diagnostic system was presented that examines black behavior using the Kraepelinian diagnostic system for mental disorders, which has proved to be a durable one, but it is limited when used to diagnose Black behavior.
Abstract: Though the Kraepelinian diagnostic system for mental disorders has proved to be a durable one, it is limited when used to diagnose Black behavior. A diagnostic system is presented that examines Bla...
37 citations
Cites background from "One dimensional man"
...[We will not explore nor dispute a credible argument that in technologically advanced, capitalistic systems, the prescriptions for behavior are just as clear, but the totalitarian nature is cleverly disguised (see Marcuse, 1964)]....
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TL;DR: This paper used focus group analysis to investigate how young, feminist-idealistic women responded to the Dove campaign for "real beauty" and found that young women were more receptive to the message.
Abstract: The Dove campaign for ‘real beauty’ has been exceptionally successful, generating public attention and increased sales. This article uses focus group analysis to investigate how young, feminist-ide...
37 citations
Cites background or methods from "One dimensional man"
...(Marcuse, 1964: 57) Thus, when conflict is suppressed through these couplings, people are less likely to develop analyses of power and an oppositional consciousness (Mansbridge and Morris, 2001)....
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...He used the example of a bomb shelter extolled for its ‘coziness’ (Marcuse, 1964: 90), comparable in this case to the beauty product necessary to legitimize ‘real’, or ‘natural’ beauty....
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...We launch our analysis around a key concern of the Frankfurt school theorist, Herbert Marcuse (1964): the foreclosure of critique, which he termed the ‘convergence of opposites’....
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...In 1964, Herbert Marcuse published his highly influential critique of consumer capitalism, One Dimensional Man....
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...We were struck by the contemporary relevance of a line of inquiry introduced by Marcuse (1964) more than 50 years ago....
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TL;DR: In this paper, a broad framework within which the relationship between quality of life and the environment can be established is argued. But the framework used is that of the dominant social paradigm (Pirages & Ehrlich, 1974) that contains political, economic, and technological institutions.
Abstract: In this examination of the relationship between quality of life and the environment, it is argued that a broad framework within which the relationship can be established is required. The framework used is that of the dominant social paradigm (Pirages & Ehrlich, 1974) that contains political, economic, and technological institutions. It is these institutions that determine both the quality of life and environmental constructs within any society. The paper integrates these three areas in a single model that hypothesizes a particular relationship between the dominant social paradigm, the environment, and quality of life.
37 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examine discursive and programmatic frameworks, which together redefine the role of both the consumer and the citizen to arrive at an individual who can be interested and mobilized in favor of new recommendations.
Abstract: With the rise of environmental themes and the increasing support of the “sustainable development” objective, public institutions have shown a renewed interest in the sphere of consumption. During the 1990s, a new dimension in public regulation was developed for the more downstream part of economic circuits, precisely to eliminate the negative effects of consumption and to be able to subject it to criteria of “sustainability.” The initiatives taken thus far have in fact mainly targeted the general population, primarily considered as a set of individual consumers. The latter are expected to become aware of their share of responsibility in the pressures exerted on natural resources and environments, and thus of the need to adapt their consumption habits in order to improve the situation. This article proposes to seize this dynamic, which seems to be expanding. It examines the discursive and programmatic frameworks, which together redefine the role of both the consumer and the citizen to arrive at an individual who can be interested and mobilized in favor of new recommendations. It analyzes the logic from which an effort attempting to make acts of consumption conform to renewed requirements has been established in its wake. This allows for a better understanding of the institutional devices that have been favored, in particular insofar as they appear to be the result of a constrained space of possibilities. In brief, it is a governmentality that tends to be deployed, although it is also likely to give rise to tensions.
37 citations
References
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined accounts of travelers in terms of Erving Goffman's front versus back distinction and found that tourists try to enter back regions of the places they visit because these regions are associated with intimacy of relations and authenticity of experiences.
Abstract: The problem of false consciousness and its relationship to the social structure of tourist establishments is analyzed. Accounts of travelers are examined in terms of Erving Goffman's front versus back distinction. It is found that tourists try to enter back regions of the places they visit because these regions are associated with intimacy of relations and authenticity of experiences. It is also found that tourist settings are arrenged to produce the impression that a back region has been entered even when this is not the case. In tourist settings, between the front and the back there is a series of special spaces designed to accommodate tourists and to support their beliefs in the authenticity of their experiences. Goffman's front-back dichotomy is shown to be ideal poles of a continuum, or a variable.
2,627 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1995
TL;DR: Casey as discussed by the authors explored the effects of contemporary practices of work on the self and found that changes currently occuring in the world of work are part of the vast social and cultural changes that are challenging the meta trends of modern industrialism.
Abstract: Despite recent interest in the effects of restructuring and redesigning the work place, the link between individual identity and structural change has usually been asserted rather than demonstrated. Through an extensive review of data from field work in a multi-national corporation Catherine Casey changes this. She knows that changes currently occuring in the world of work are part of the vast social and cultural changes that are challenging the meta trends of modern industrialism. These events affect what people do everyday, and they are altering relations among ourselves and with the physical world. This valuable book is not only a critical analysis of the transformations occurring in the world of work, but an exploration of the effects of contemporary practices of work on the self.
540 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors interpret critical urban theory with reference to four mutually interconnected elements: its theoretical character; its reflexivity; its critique of instrumental reason; and its emphasis on the disjuncture between the actual and the possible.
Abstract: What is critical urban theory? While this phrase is often used in a descriptive sense, to characterize the tradition of post‐1968 leftist or radical urban studies, I argue that it also has determinate social–theoretical content. To this end, building on the work of several Frankfurt School social philosophers, this paper interprets critical theory with reference to four, mutually interconnected elements—its theoretical character; its reflexivity; its critique of instrumental reason; and its emphasis on the disjuncture between the actual and the possible. On this basis, a brief concluding section considers the status of urban questions within critical social theory. In the early 21st century, I argue, each of the four key elements within critical social theory requires sustained engagement with contemporary patterns of capitalist urbanization. Under conditions of increasingly generalized, worldwide urbanization, the project of critical social theory and that of critical urban theory have been intertwined a...
356 citations
TL;DR: The authors provide an overview of the key images of identity in organizations found in the research literature, including self-doubters, strugglers, surfers, storytellers, strategists, stencils and soldiers.
Abstract: This article provides an overview of the key images of identity in organizations found in the research literature. Image refers to the overall idea or conceptualization, capturing how researchers relate to — and shape — a phenomenon. Seven images are suggested: self-doubters, strugglers, surfers, storytellers, strategists, stencils and soldiers. These refer to how the individual is metaphorically understood in terms of identity, that is, how the researcher (research text) captures the individual producing a sense of self. The article aims to facilitate orientation — or encourage productive confusion — within the field, encourage reflexivity and sharpen analytic choices through awareness of options for how to conceptualize self-identity constructions.
289 citations