One dimensional man
About: This article is published in Philosophical Books.The article was published on 1965-05-01. It has received 2842 citations till now.
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TL;DR: The demarcation of science from other intellectual activities is an analytic problem for philosophers and sociologists and is examined as a practical problem for scientists in this article, where a set of characteristics available for ideological attribution to science reflect ambivalences or strains within the institution: science can be made to look empirical or theoretical, pure or applied.
Abstract: The demarcation of science from other intellectual activities-long an analytic problem for philosophers and sociologists-is here examined as a practical problem for scientists. Construction of a boundary between science and varieties of non-science is useful for scientists' pursuit of professional goals: acquisition of intellectual authority and career opportunities; denial of these resources to "pseudoscientists"; and protection of the autonomy of scientific research from political interference. "Boundary-work" describes an ideological style found in scientists' attempts to create a public image for science by contrasting it favorably to non-scientific intellectual or technical activities. Alternative sets of characteristics available for ideological attribution to science reflect ambivalences or strains within the institution: science can be made to look empirical or theoretical, pure or applied. However, selection of one or another description depends on which characteristics best achieve the demarcation in a way that justifies scientists' claims to authority or resources. Thus, "science" is no single thing: its boundaries are drawn and redrawn inflexible, historically changing and sometimes ambiguous ways.
3,402 citations
Cites background from "One dimensional man"
...Still others define science as an ideology itself (Marcuse, 1964); for Habermas (1970:115) the form of scientific knowledge embodies its own values of prediction and control, and thus may substitute for "the demolished bourgeois ideology" in legitimating structures of domination and repression....
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TL;DR: In this paper, a review of the corporate social reporting literature, its major theoretical preoccupations and empirical conclusions, attempts to re-examine the theoretical tensions that exist between “classical” political economy interpretations of social disclosure and those from more “bourgeois” perspectives.
Abstract: Takes as its departure point the criticism of Guthrie and Parker by Arnold and the Tinker et al. critique of Gray et al. Following an extensive review of the corporate social reporting literature, its major theoretical preoccupations and empirical conclusions, attempts to re‐examine the theoretical tensions that exist between “classical” political economy interpretations of social disclosure and those from more “bourgeois” perspectives. Argues that political economy, legitimacy theory and stakeholder theory need not be competitor theories but may, if analysed appropriately, be seen as alternative and mutually enriching theories from alternative levels of resolution. Offers evidence from 13 years of social disclosure by UK companies and attempts to interpret this from different levels of resolution. There is little doubt that social disclosure practice has changed dramatically in the period. The theoretical perspectives prove to offer different, but mutually enhancing, interpretations of these phenomena.
2,923 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined accounts of travelers in terms of Erving Goffman's front versus back distinction and found that tourists try to enter back regions of the places they visit because these regions are associated with intimacy of relations and authenticity of experiences.
Abstract: The problem of false consciousness and its relationship to the social structure of tourist establishments is analyzed. Accounts of travelers are examined in terms of Erving Goffman's front versus back distinction. It is found that tourists try to enter back regions of the places they visit because these regions are associated with intimacy of relations and authenticity of experiences. It is also found that tourist settings are arrenged to produce the impression that a back region has been entered even when this is not the case. In tourist settings, between the front and the back there is a series of special spaces designed to accommodate tourists and to support their beliefs in the authenticity of their experiences. Goffman's front-back dichotomy is shown to be ideal poles of a continuum, or a variable.
2,627 citations
Cites background from "One dimensional man"
...David Riesman's "other directed" (1950) and Herbert Marcuse's "one-dimensional" men (1964) are products of a traditional intellectual concern for the superficiality of knowledge in mass industrial society, but the tourist setting per se is just beginning to prompt intellectual commentary....
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors trace the rise of the modern cultural engineering paradigm of branding, premised upon a consumer culture that granted marketers cultural authority, and describe the current post-postmodern consumer culture, which is premised on the pursuit of personal sovereignty through brands.
Abstract: Brands are today under attack by an emerging countercultural movement. This study builds a dialectical theory of consumer culture and branding that explains the rise of this movement and its potential effects. Results of an interpretive study challenge existing theories of consumer resistance. To develop an alternative model, I first trace the rise of the modern cultural engineering paradigm of branding, premised upon a consumer culture that granted marketers cultural authority. Intrinsic contradictions erased its efficacy. Next I describe the current postmodern consumer culture, which is premised upon the pursuit of personal sovereignty through brands. I detail five postmodern branding techniques that are premised upon the principle that brands are authentic cultural resources. Postmodern branding is now giving rise to new contradictions that have inflamed the antibranding sentiment sweeping Western countries. I detail these contradictions and project that they will give rise to a new post-postmodern branding paradigm premised upon brands as citizen-artists.
1,797 citations
Book•
29 Jul 1983TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a list of states that are essentially by-products of rationality, bias, and ideology, including sour grapes, as well as byproducts of belief, bias and ideology.
Abstract: Preface and acknowledgements 1. Rationality 2. States that are essentially by-products 3. Sour grapes 4. Belief, bias and ideology References Index.
1,221 citations
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Dissertation•
01 Jan 1998
TL;DR: Using a page-by-page analysis of the One-dimensional Man, this article found insight and empathy with almost all of the ideas in this 1964 book, written at the apex of the Cold War and the Space Race, finding that the progress of free market capitalism has actually speeded up, with disastrous consequences for both the world's poorest people and its physical ecology.
Abstract: Using a page by page analysis of Herbert Marcuse's One-Dimensional Man, the author finds insight and empathy with almost all of the ideas in this 1964 book, written at the apex of the Cold War and the Space Race. Marcuse wrote that contemporary industrial society dominates life and repulses all alternatives, its "project" is to convert nature and people into "stuff1, and it absorbs criticism by coopting it from within. Although Marcuse did not forsee the collapse of European Communism, his writings about the domination of the industrial world are more prescient: the author finds the progress of free market capitalism has actually speeded up, with diastrous consequences for both the world's poorest people and its physical ecology. Using contemporary historians, critics and writers that can support Marcuse's analysis, as well as personal experiences and observations, the author cites sources that show 40,000 people die of starvation every day, that 90 million people are born every year, and about 1/3 of the world lives in a realm of exploitation and suffering. In addition, the environment is irreparably damaged, and capitalism may consume itself with automation and electronic financial speculation. The author proposes a reasonable standard of living for individuals to solve the problems of poverty and environmental chaos, just like teachers are paid to educate children. There must also be a more independent source of information about this crisis, and that information should be brought into classrooms, and the largest corporations must be convinced that rectifying the situation, and paying for it, is in their best interests. The entire project that Marcuse was critical of must change toward the idea of finding ourselves in the service of others. To that end, schools should de-emphasize job training and concentrate on current events and consumer education, there should be more resources for the development of the arts, students should spend more time in school, and post secondary students should spend one academic year working in poorer countries. The cost of these changes should not be argued: there is adequate technology, expertise and wealth in society, what is lacking is the will.
1 citations
DOI•
13 Apr 2020
TL;DR: In this article, the United Nations information dissemination system uses the three sharp tools of openness, fairness and justice to deal with the three major problems of distortion, dishonesty and imbalance faced by current international disputes.
Abstract: There is no shortage of heat and intensity in international controversial issues, because they involve the interests, rights and claims of the state, and some of them even involve the ideology of the state. When promoting the issues of international disputes, the United Nations information dissemination system uses the three sharp tools of openness, fairness and justice to deal with the three major problems of distortion, dishonesty and imbalance faced by current international disputes. By fully revealing the real intention of both sides of the dispute, equally expressing the views of both sides, separating facts from values and other specific means of communication, the international dispute issues are promoted in a balanced way. It is of great significance to promote international disputes in a balanced way: first, it can bridge different ideological divergences; Second, it can balance the stance difference of different countries.
1 citations
Journal Article•
Abstract: administration, science and technology could assist society in the realization of these new values. The Marxist thought that influences Marcuse is rooted in Hegel’s system of phenomenology. This school of philosophy seeks to understand structures of experience. Karl Marx was the first to see the revolutionary potential of this idea. In his Economic-Philosophic manuscripts written in 1844, Marx analyzes Hegel’s system of phenomenology. After critiquing elements of Hegel’s philosophy, Marx goes on to praise Hegel for recognizing man as a historical process of self-development. He goes on to endorse Hegel’s “dialectic of negativity as [a] moving and productive principle” (Marx, 321). The dialectics of negativity would become the logic of negation that powers Marcuse’s concept of the great refusal. The great refusal is the rejection of unnecessary repression – the liberation of consciousness from the imposed facts of
1 citations
TL;DR: The ability of each person to think reflexively about the past today lays the foundations for the future as mentioned in this paper, whether they are aware of it or not, and the ability of people to think about their past today is crucial for the development of the future.
Abstract: The future of society, like any other structure, is built piece by piece. Whether conscious of it or not, the ability of each person to think reflexively about the past today lays the foundations for tomorrow. This is certainly evident in the spheres of education and politics, for example, where there are many who are self-aware of their role in “inventing the future.” However, creative practices in literature and imagination are also sites for architects of what is possible for the future. On the micro-level, humanity and society are shaped by the forms of society's collective imaginations: they may be…
1 citations
TL;DR: It is shown that "dwell web" is a way of living based on the development of modern technique, characterized, first, for transparency and, second, for being a specific historical mode of alienation that hides the lifeworld.
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to expose the way in which social networks (Facebook, Instagram, Twitter), constitute what we call here “dwell web”. Partially taking up the approach of Heidegger, Marx and Han, and looking at the same time in The Matrix, we will show that \"dwell web\" is a way of living based on the development of modern technique, characterized, first, for transparency and, second, for being a specific historical mode of alienation that hides the lifeworld.
1 citations