One dimensional man
About: This article is published in Philosophical Books.The article was published on 1965-05-01. It has received 2842 citations till now.
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TL;DR: The demarcation of science from other intellectual activities is an analytic problem for philosophers and sociologists and is examined as a practical problem for scientists in this article, where a set of characteristics available for ideological attribution to science reflect ambivalences or strains within the institution: science can be made to look empirical or theoretical, pure or applied.
Abstract: The demarcation of science from other intellectual activities-long an analytic problem for philosophers and sociologists-is here examined as a practical problem for scientists. Construction of a boundary between science and varieties of non-science is useful for scientists' pursuit of professional goals: acquisition of intellectual authority and career opportunities; denial of these resources to "pseudoscientists"; and protection of the autonomy of scientific research from political interference. "Boundary-work" describes an ideological style found in scientists' attempts to create a public image for science by contrasting it favorably to non-scientific intellectual or technical activities. Alternative sets of characteristics available for ideological attribution to science reflect ambivalences or strains within the institution: science can be made to look empirical or theoretical, pure or applied. However, selection of one or another description depends on which characteristics best achieve the demarcation in a way that justifies scientists' claims to authority or resources. Thus, "science" is no single thing: its boundaries are drawn and redrawn inflexible, historically changing and sometimes ambiguous ways.
3,402 citations
Cites background from "One dimensional man"
...Still others define science as an ideology itself (Marcuse, 1964); for Habermas (1970:115) the form of scientific knowledge embodies its own values of prediction and control, and thus may substitute for "the demolished bourgeois ideology" in legitimating structures of domination and repression....
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TL;DR: In this paper, a review of the corporate social reporting literature, its major theoretical preoccupations and empirical conclusions, attempts to re-examine the theoretical tensions that exist between “classical” political economy interpretations of social disclosure and those from more “bourgeois” perspectives.
Abstract: Takes as its departure point the criticism of Guthrie and Parker by Arnold and the Tinker et al. critique of Gray et al. Following an extensive review of the corporate social reporting literature, its major theoretical preoccupations and empirical conclusions, attempts to re‐examine the theoretical tensions that exist between “classical” political economy interpretations of social disclosure and those from more “bourgeois” perspectives. Argues that political economy, legitimacy theory and stakeholder theory need not be competitor theories but may, if analysed appropriately, be seen as alternative and mutually enriching theories from alternative levels of resolution. Offers evidence from 13 years of social disclosure by UK companies and attempts to interpret this from different levels of resolution. There is little doubt that social disclosure practice has changed dramatically in the period. The theoretical perspectives prove to offer different, but mutually enhancing, interpretations of these phenomena.
2,923 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined accounts of travelers in terms of Erving Goffman's front versus back distinction and found that tourists try to enter back regions of the places they visit because these regions are associated with intimacy of relations and authenticity of experiences.
Abstract: The problem of false consciousness and its relationship to the social structure of tourist establishments is analyzed. Accounts of travelers are examined in terms of Erving Goffman's front versus back distinction. It is found that tourists try to enter back regions of the places they visit because these regions are associated with intimacy of relations and authenticity of experiences. It is also found that tourist settings are arrenged to produce the impression that a back region has been entered even when this is not the case. In tourist settings, between the front and the back there is a series of special spaces designed to accommodate tourists and to support their beliefs in the authenticity of their experiences. Goffman's front-back dichotomy is shown to be ideal poles of a continuum, or a variable.
2,627 citations
Cites background from "One dimensional man"
...David Riesman's "other directed" (1950) and Herbert Marcuse's "one-dimensional" men (1964) are products of a traditional intellectual concern for the superficiality of knowledge in mass industrial society, but the tourist setting per se is just beginning to prompt intellectual commentary....
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors trace the rise of the modern cultural engineering paradigm of branding, premised upon a consumer culture that granted marketers cultural authority, and describe the current post-postmodern consumer culture, which is premised on the pursuit of personal sovereignty through brands.
Abstract: Brands are today under attack by an emerging countercultural movement. This study builds a dialectical theory of consumer culture and branding that explains the rise of this movement and its potential effects. Results of an interpretive study challenge existing theories of consumer resistance. To develop an alternative model, I first trace the rise of the modern cultural engineering paradigm of branding, premised upon a consumer culture that granted marketers cultural authority. Intrinsic contradictions erased its efficacy. Next I describe the current postmodern consumer culture, which is premised upon the pursuit of personal sovereignty through brands. I detail five postmodern branding techniques that are premised upon the principle that brands are authentic cultural resources. Postmodern branding is now giving rise to new contradictions that have inflamed the antibranding sentiment sweeping Western countries. I detail these contradictions and project that they will give rise to a new post-postmodern branding paradigm premised upon brands as citizen-artists.
1,797 citations
Book•
29 Jul 1983TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a list of states that are essentially by-products of rationality, bias, and ideology, including sour grapes, as well as byproducts of belief, bias and ideology.
Abstract: Preface and acknowledgements 1. Rationality 2. States that are essentially by-products 3. Sour grapes 4. Belief, bias and ideology References Index.
1,221 citations
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01 Jan 2020
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a Table of Table of contents of a table of contents: http://www.tableoffeatures.org/table-of-content.html
Abstract: ....................................................................................................... iii Preface......................................................................................................... vi Table of
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TL;DR: The authors used a world-economy approach to explain the historical context and background causes of revolts in the socialist states, focusing on Poland and China, and found that low-skill mass production has been moving out of the core and into the periphery of the world economy.
Abstract: This paper uses a world-economy approach to explain the historical context and background causes of revolts in the socialist states, focusing on Poland and China. During the last 20 years, low-skill mass production has been moving out of the core and into the periphery of the world-economy. Although initially successful as mass producers, the socialist states concentrated entirely on what is now an antiquated system. They must rapidly adopt flexible production or else join the periphery. Economic crisis and failed reforms led workers and intellectuals to revolt against a backward economy and structurally inept political system.
21 citations
TL;DR: The authors explores how Peter Jarvis's work offers a comprehensive grounding in many of the key principles and insights offered through the field of adult education and how these principles can be used to guide us to the diff...
Abstract: This paper explores how Peter Jarvis’s work offers a comprehensive grounding in many of the key principles and insights offered through the field of adult education. His work directs us to the diff...
21 citations
TL;DR: Hong Kong is now facing economic restructuring and social problems of various kinds, and it is not surprising that the government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) has begun to introduce new measures and policies to make the government more efficient and effective in terms of service provision and resource allocation.
Abstract: As Hong Kong is now facing economic restructuring and social problems of various kinds, it is not surprising that the government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) has begun to introduce new measures and policies to make the government more efficient and effective in terms of service provision and resource allocation. As notions of 'accountability' and 'value for money' are repeatedly stressed by the government, the subsequent impacts of the public sector reform which started in 1989, coupled with the recent reforms along the lines of managerialism, have already caused fundamental changes to the social welfare sector and social administration in Hong Kong. Different measures and strategies such as 'decentralization', 'privatization', 'marketization' and 'corporatization' have been introduced in recent years to different areas of policy in Hong Kong. All these administrative reforms have suggested that the HKSAR has tried to conceive a new role for the administration, hoping to develop ...
21 citations