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Journal ArticleDOI

One dimensional man

01 May 1965-Philosophical Books (Blackwell Publishing Ltd)-Vol. 6, Iss: 2, pp 17-20
About: This article is published in Philosophical Books.The article was published on 1965-05-01. It has received 2842 citations till now.
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TL;DR: The demarcation of science from other intellectual activities is an analytic problem for philosophers and sociologists and is examined as a practical problem for scientists in this article, where a set of characteristics available for ideological attribution to science reflect ambivalences or strains within the institution: science can be made to look empirical or theoretical, pure or applied.
Abstract: The demarcation of science from other intellectual activities-long an analytic problem for philosophers and sociologists-is here examined as a practical problem for scientists. Construction of a boundary between science and varieties of non-science is useful for scientists' pursuit of professional goals: acquisition of intellectual authority and career opportunities; denial of these resources to "pseudoscientists"; and protection of the autonomy of scientific research from political interference. "Boundary-work" describes an ideological style found in scientists' attempts to create a public image for science by contrasting it favorably to non-scientific intellectual or technical activities. Alternative sets of characteristics available for ideological attribution to science reflect ambivalences or strains within the institution: science can be made to look empirical or theoretical, pure or applied. However, selection of one or another description depends on which characteristics best achieve the demarcation in a way that justifies scientists' claims to authority or resources. Thus, "science" is no single thing: its boundaries are drawn and redrawn inflexible, historically changing and sometimes ambiguous ways.

3,402 citations


Cites background from "One dimensional man"

  • ...Still others define science as an ideology itself (Marcuse, 1964); for Habermas (1970:115) the form of scientific knowledge embodies its own values of prediction and control, and thus may substitute for "the demolished bourgeois ideology" in legitimating structures of domination and repression....

    [...]

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of the corporate social reporting literature, its major theoretical preoccupations and empirical conclusions, attempts to re-examine the theoretical tensions that exist between “classical” political economy interpretations of social disclosure and those from more “bourgeois” perspectives.
Abstract: Takes as its departure point the criticism of Guthrie and Parker by Arnold and the Tinker et al. critique of Gray et al. Following an extensive review of the corporate social reporting literature, its major theoretical preoccupations and empirical conclusions, attempts to re‐examine the theoretical tensions that exist between “classical” political economy interpretations of social disclosure and those from more “bourgeois” perspectives. Argues that political economy, legitimacy theory and stakeholder theory need not be competitor theories but may, if analysed appropriately, be seen as alternative and mutually enriching theories from alternative levels of resolution. Offers evidence from 13 years of social disclosure by UK companies and attempts to interpret this from different levels of resolution. There is little doubt that social disclosure practice has changed dramatically in the period. The theoretical perspectives prove to offer different, but mutually enhancing, interpretations of these phenomena.

2,923 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined accounts of travelers in terms of Erving Goffman's front versus back distinction and found that tourists try to enter back regions of the places they visit because these regions are associated with intimacy of relations and authenticity of experiences.
Abstract: The problem of false consciousness and its relationship to the social structure of tourist establishments is analyzed. Accounts of travelers are examined in terms of Erving Goffman's front versus back distinction. It is found that tourists try to enter back regions of the places they visit because these regions are associated with intimacy of relations and authenticity of experiences. It is also found that tourist settings are arrenged to produce the impression that a back region has been entered even when this is not the case. In tourist settings, between the front and the back there is a series of special spaces designed to accommodate tourists and to support their beliefs in the authenticity of their experiences. Goffman's front-back dichotomy is shown to be ideal poles of a continuum, or a variable.

2,627 citations


Cites background from "One dimensional man"

  • ...David Riesman's "other directed" (1950) and Herbert Marcuse's "one-dimensional" men (1964) are products of a traditional intellectual concern for the superficiality of knowledge in mass industrial society, but the tourist setting per se is just beginning to prompt intellectual commentary....

    [...]

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors trace the rise of the modern cultural engineering paradigm of branding, premised upon a consumer culture that granted marketers cultural authority, and describe the current post-postmodern consumer culture, which is premised on the pursuit of personal sovereignty through brands.
Abstract: Brands are today under attack by an emerging countercultural movement. This study builds a dialectical theory of consumer culture and branding that explains the rise of this movement and its potential effects. Results of an interpretive study challenge existing theories of consumer resistance. To develop an alternative model, I first trace the rise of the modern cultural engineering paradigm of branding, premised upon a consumer culture that granted marketers cultural authority. Intrinsic contradictions erased its efficacy. Next I describe the current postmodern consumer culture, which is premised upon the pursuit of personal sovereignty through brands. I detail five postmodern branding techniques that are premised upon the principle that brands are authentic cultural resources. Postmodern branding is now giving rise to new contradictions that have inflamed the antibranding sentiment sweeping Western countries. I detail these contradictions and project that they will give rise to a new post-postmodern branding paradigm premised upon brands as citizen-artists.

1,797 citations

Book
Jon Elster1
29 Jul 1983
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a list of states that are essentially by-products of rationality, bias, and ideology, including sour grapes, as well as byproducts of belief, bias and ideology.
Abstract: Preface and acknowledgements 1. Rationality 2. States that are essentially by-products 3. Sour grapes 4. Belief, bias and ideology References Index.

1,221 citations

References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Reification, a central theme in radical social/political theory from the 1920s onward, has started falling out of fashion since the 1970s, a period when a number of crucial alterations in the compo...
Abstract: Reification, a central theme in radical social/political theory from the 1920s onward, has started falling out of fashion since the 1970s, a period when a number of crucial alterations in the compo...

7 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In the past decades, numerous disciplines have investigated so-called ethical and alternative forms of consumption, which has led to confusion about what terms to use and how to interpret the multip...
Abstract: In the past decades, numerous disciplines have investigated so-called ethical and alternative forms of consumption. This has led to confusion about what terms to use and how to interpret the multip...

7 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examine the discourse of the Ibero-American Restorative Juvenile Justice Declaration, unanimously approved during the XIX International Conference of Ministers of Justice (COMJIB) by Latin American countries, Portugal and Spain, and examine the Leuven Declaration of Restorative Approach to Juvenile Crime conceived by the International Network for Research on Restorative Justice for Juveniles.
Abstract: Responding to a relative lack of critical research directed specifically to juvenile restorative justice, this article examines the discourse of the Ibero-American Restorative Juvenile Justice Declaration, unanimously approved during the XIX Ibero-American Countries Conference of Ministers of Justice (COMJIB) by Latin American countries, Portugal and Spain. The authors also look at the Leuven Declaration of Restorative Approach to Juvenile Crime conceived by the International Network for Research on Restorative Justice for Juveniles. To critically evaluate these declarations, we utilise the Fairclough, N. (1992. Discourse and social change. Cambridge: Polity Press) tri-dimensional model of critical discourse analysis. Specifically, the authors investigate the representation of juvenile restorative justice and its concepts, employing the Systemic Functional Grammar transitivity system as a tool for the textual analysis. The authors draw on the Pavlich, G. (2005. The governing paradoxes of restorati...

7 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Dialogue is a communication form which enables open and honest communication between employees and management as discussed by the authors, and without dialogue there can be no exchange of information and ideas nor any shared knowledge nor information sharing.
Abstract: Dialogue is a communication form which enables open and honest communication between employees and management. Without dialogue there can be no exchange of information and ideas nor any shared unde...

7 citations

Book
05 Jul 1994
Abstract: idealism, 185, 186 Being and Nothingness (Sartre), 54–55, 193, Action Française, 41 194, 214, 221–22 Being and Time (Heidegger), 55, 188, 212; Adler, Alfred, 43 Dasein in, 50, 204, 207, 208, 256; reificaAdler, Max, 7, 25, 124–28 Adorno, Theodor, 58, 329n.4; on “nontion in, 209 identity thinking,” 284; truth content Bell, Daniel, 266 theory, 285–87 Benichou, Paul, 42 alienation, notion of, 246, 325n.156 Bergsonianism, 41 Bloom, Allen, 5–6 Althusser, Louis, 3, 100, 177, 201; and Borkenau, Franz, 174–75 structuralism, 237–39, 244–45, 246, BotoŒani Reading Circle, 24 247 BotoŒani, Romania, 16, 29; Jewish commuanalytic logic, 47, 79, 171, 251; emanatism and, 253. See also Lask, Emil nity in, 19–21 Angélique, Mere (Jacqueline-MarieBrecht, Bertolt, 48, 195–96 Brunschvicg, Léon, 41 Angélique de Sainte-Madeleine), 157 antihumanism. See humanism and antihuBurke, Edmund, 129 Callimachi, Scarlat, 29 manism anti-Semitism, 7, 24, 26; Jewish arendaŒi and, 20–21; Romanian, 17 capitalism, 99, 174; “capitalism in crisis” period, 195, 196, 202, 259; capitalist marArguments, 8, 213, 214, 223 ket, 99, 137, 179–81; commodity strucArnauld, Antoine, 36, 157, 169, 170 ture, 109; economic life and, 255; history Aron, Raymond, 66 and, 240; liberal, 10, 191, 196, 258–60, Asocia–iile Generale ale Studen–ilor Evrei, AGSE (General Union of Jewish Stu262, 271; “natural economy,” 255–56; dents), 27 neocapitalism, 266; new middle strata, Augustinianism, 156, 280–81, 289. See also 10, 30, 247, 261, 265–67; organized, 10, Pascal, Blaise 191, 195–98, 200, 231, 247, 260, 261–63, Austria, 167 289; reified capitalism, 121, 132, 179–83; Austro-Marxists, 30, 125, 126. See also romantic anticapitalism, 23, 46–47; soAdler, Max cialism and, 266–67; technocrats, 247, authentic human community. See commu260–61, 262, 263, 265, 277 nity Carlyle, Thomas, 47 Cartesianism, 67, 132, 159, 170, 171, 176 authentic life, 158–59; and inauthentic life, 47 Cervantes, Miguel de, 185, 186–87 authentic values, 165, 179 Chagall, Marc, 15 authenticity, 208, 254–57; subjective and class, social: See also class consciousness; class consciousness of the proletariat, objective, 181, 255, 279 autogestion, 10, 182, 200, 265, 268–76, 278, 51, 106, 107–8, 113, 150, 153, 229–30, 261, 279; authentic community as, 257, 258. 264, 265, 280; “collective” behavior and structure of consciousness of social See also market socialism Bachelard, Gaston, 140, 236–37 groups, 144; group consciousness, 154– 55; new middle strata, 10, 30, 247, 261, BØlØnescu, Mircea, 29, 36 265–67; noblesse de robe, 10, 30, 32, 34, 156, 157, 166, 167–69, 173–74; the Barcos, Martin de, 36, 169, 170, 171, 176

7 citations