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Journal ArticleDOI

Online Harassment and Its Implications for the Journalist–Audience Relationship

TL;DR: This article examined the nature of online harassment, the types of journalists most likely to experience it, and the most common forms of respon- ture. But they focused on the most frequent forms of harassment.
Abstract: Amid growing threats to journalists around the world, this study examines the nature of online harassment, the types of journalists most likely to experience it, and the most common forms of respon...
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Journalists are increasingly reporting that online harassment has become a common feature of their working lives, contributing to experiences of fatigue, anxiety and disconnection from social media as mentioned in this paper, leading to feelings of depression and anxiety.
Abstract: Journalists are increasingly reporting that online harassment has become a common feature of their working lives, contributing to experiences of fatigue, anxiety and disconnection from social media...

47 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the use of non-journalistic platforms as a means for critiquing journalism is made possible by digital technologies that circumvent traditional media channels, which is called digital press criticism.
Abstract: Digital press criticism, or the use of non-journalistic platforms as a means for critiquing journalism, is made possible by digital technologies that circumvent traditional media channels. This for...

38 citations


Cites background from "Online Harassment and Its Implicati..."

  • ...…opens up space for journalists to be threatened as never before, fundamentally endangering their professional authority (and, indeed, their own personal safety in some cases; see Lewis, Zamith, and Coddington 2020; L€ofgren Nilsson and €Ornebring 2016; Miller and Lewis 2020; Waisbord 2020)....

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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: While there is an upsurge of research examining hostility toward the press from those external to the newsroom, there continues to be a lack of critical and robust theoretical foundation and agenda.
Abstract: While there is an upsurge of research examining hostility toward the press from those external to the newsroom, there continues to be a lack of critical and robust theoretical foundation and agenda...

25 citations

References
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The homophily principle as mentioned in this paper states that similarity breeds connection, and that people's personal networks are homogeneous with regard to many sociodemographic, behavioral, and intrapersonal characteristics.
Abstract: Similarity breeds connection. This principle—the homophily principle—structures network ties of every type, including marriage, friendship, work, advice, support, information transfer, exchange, comembership, and other types of relationship. The result is that people's personal networks are homogeneous with regard to many sociodemographic, behavioral, and intrapersonal characteristics. Homophily limits people's social worlds in a way that has powerful implications for the information they receive, the attitudes they form, and the interactions they experience. Homophily in race and ethnicity creates the strongest divides in our personal environments, with age, religion, education, occupation, and gender following in roughly that order. Geographic propinquity, families, organizations, and isomorphic positions in social systems all create contexts in which homophilous relations form. Ties between nonsimilar individuals also dissolve at a higher rate, which sets the stage for the formation of niches (localize...

15,738 citations


"Online Harassment and Its Implicati..." refers background in this paper

  • ...However, a high degree of homophily can also be counterproductive, contributing to excessive insularity within social networks and a blinkered perspective about out-groups (McPherson et al., 2001)....

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Book
01 Jan 1979
TL;DR: Gans's Deciding What's News as mentioned in this paper is a sociological account of some of the country's most prominent national news media, focusing on the values, professional standards, and external pressures that shaped journalists' judgments.
Abstract: For ten years, Herbert J. Gans spent considerable time in four major television and magazine newsrooms, observing and talking to the journalists who choose the national news stories that inform America about itself. Writing during the golden age of journalism. Gans included such headline events as the War on Poverty, the Vietnam War and the protests against it, urban ghetto disorders, the assassinations of Martin Luther King Jr. and Robert F. Kennedy, and Watergate. He was interested in the values, professional standards, and the external pressures that shaped journalists' judgments. Deciding What's News has become a classic. A new preface outlines the major changes that have taken place in the news media since Gans first wrote the book, but it also suggests that the basics of news judgment and the structures of news organizations have changed little Gans's book is still the most comprehensive sociological account of some of the country's most prominent national news media. The book received the 1979 Theatre Library Association Award and the 1980 Book Award of the National Association of Educational Broadcasters. This is the first work to be published under the Medill School of Journalism's "Visions of the American Press" imprint, a new journalism history series featuring both original volumes and reprints of important classics.

2,085 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined gender differences in stress and coping in a sample of 2816 people (1566 women and 1250 men) between 18 and 65 years old, with different sociodemographic characteristics.

1,426 citations


"Online Harassment and Its Implicati..." refers background in this paper

  • ...…journalists who have more personal visibility do tend to get harassed more, which is consistent with the propositions of expectation violation theory (Burgoon, 2015), especially in light of social role theory and gender stereotyping (Eagly & Wood, 2011; Matud, 2004), but is no less problematic....

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  • ...” The literature on gender role socialization theory (Eagly & Wood, 2011; Matud, 2004) proves fruitful here....

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  • ...…about a journalist’s personal attributes, the more likely it is that the journalist will be subjected to online harassment due to the increased potential for expectation violation (Burgoon, 2015), especially in light of social role theory and gender stereotyping (Eagly & Wood, 2011; Matud, 2004)....

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  • ...The literature on gender role socialization theory (Eagly & Wood, 2011; Matud, 2004) proves fruitful here....

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  • ...personal attributes, the more likely it is that the journalist will be subjected to online harassment due to the increased potential for expectation violation (Burgoon, 2015), especially in light of social role theory and gender stereotyping (Eagly & Wood, 2011; Matud, 2004)....

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Journal Article

1,223 citations


"Online Harassment and Its Implicati..." refers background in this paper

  • ...images of the audience, in comparison with typifications and encounters that previously informed how journalists envisioned their audiences (DeWerth-Pallmeyer, 1997; Gans, 1979)....

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  • ...The findings offer further evidence that social media exchanges are becoming an important input in shaping images of the audience, in comparison with typifications and encounters that previously informed how journalists envisioned their audiences (DeWerth-Pallmeyer, 1997; Gans, 1979)....

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  • ...Journalists have long resisted worrying too much about their audience (Gans, 1979), but when they have thought about their readers and viewers, they have been known to develop a jaundiced, even cynical, perspective—one that leads them to question the fundamental rationality of their audience....

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  • ...Journalists have long resisted worrying too much about their audience (Gans, 1979), but when they have thought about their readers and viewers, they have been known to develop a jaundiced, even cynical, perspective—one that leads them to question the fundamental rationality...

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Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 2012

708 citations


"Online Harassment and Its Implicati..." refers background in this paper

  • ...…about a journalist’s personal attributes, the more likely it is that the journalist will be subjected to online harassment due to the increased potential for expectation violation (Burgoon, 2015), especially in light of social role theory and gender stereotyping (Eagly & Wood, 2011; Matud, 2004)....

    [...]

  • ...The literature on gender role socialization theory (Eagly & Wood, 2011; Matud, 2004) proves fruitful here....

    [...]

  • ...…journalists who have more personal visibility do tend to get harassed more, which is consistent with the propositions of expectation violation theory (Burgoon, 2015), especially in light of social role theory and gender stereotyping (Eagly & Wood, 2011; Matud, 2004), but is no less problematic....

    [...]