Opening-up as entrepreneurial internationalisation in Chinese higher education
29 Jul 2021-Vol. 23, Iss: 3, pp 175-192
TL;DR: In this article, a case study of China and its Tsinghua University using international entrepreneurship concepts is presented, which examines internationalisation as a dynamic reciprocal interplay between opening-up policy and higher education policy, especially world-class university policy.
Abstract: This study describes and elucidates higher education internationalisation with an in-depth case study of China and its Tsinghua University using international entrepreneurship concepts. The study examines internationalisation as a dynamic reciprocal interplay between opening-up policy and higher education policy, especially world-class university policy.,This is a qualitative mixed-method single case study. In desktop research, the study reviewed China's national policy documents on educational opening-up, Tsinghua's institutional strategy papers and research literature concerning internationalisation, entrepreneurship, Chinese higher education and Tsinghua University. In fieldwork research, the present researcher engaged in action, participatory and collaborative research about university internationalisation in her capacity as both a faculty and an international office administrator at Tsinghua.,Entrepreneurial internationalisation in Chinese higher education has served multiple purposes simultaneously: (1) a pillar to support domestic confidence in educational opening-up for modernisation while also contributing to global development; (2) a cost-effective way to cultivate Chinese talent by accessing the international education market; (3) a quality imperative to stimulate domestic reform and innovation through Sino-foreign exchange and collaboration; (4) a public diplomacy measure building a global network of educational engagement; and (5) a differentiation strategy to stretch the capacity of the nation's top universities by benchmarking their global competitiveness.,Conceptualising opening-up as entrepreneurial internationalisation is key to understand China's higher education development. This study expounds this special term by connecting it with basic concepts in international entrepreneurship research. The analyses at system and institutional levels reinforce one another to forge a synthetic view by integrating policy and practice.
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TL;DR: In this paper , the authors present an in-depth case study to examine the development of sustainable entrepreneurship of Tsinghua University of China at institutional and curricular levels, and propose an analytical model of the sustainable university as the alignment of six elements based on three interrelated propositions.
Abstract: Making the university and its teachers and students alike as sustainable entrepreneurs are central endeavours in this age of sustainable development today. This paper presents an in-depth case study to examine the development of sustainable entrepreneurship of Tsinghua University of China at institutional and curricular levels. The paper first proposes an analytical model of the sustainable university as the alignment of six elements based on three interrelated propositions. The paper then applies the model to study Tsinghua’s culture of sustainability and entrepreneurship and its strategies from green university to sustainable university. Next the paper discusses five cases courses in sustainability education from diverse disciplines with shared goal to foster sustainability competence as global competence and shared pedagogies for experiential learning. The paper concludes with theoretical discussions of institutional-level sustainable entrepreneurship and also practical discussions of shared characteristics and challenges of curricular-level sustainable entrepreneurship with special references of pedagogical and digital opportunities and challenges. The paper presents findings from a self-reflective practitioner-as-researcher action research jointly conducted by the instructors of case courses. The paper used a mixed-method approach with participatory observation, interview, focus-group, survey, and curricular development experiments.
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23 Feb 2023
TL;DR: In this article , the authors conceptualized the idea of elite universities in China, reviewed China's world-class university policies since the 1950s, and mapped the current status of China's elite universities to their objectives, academic performance, funding situations, international collaboration, and global impact.
Abstract: Abstract Modern Chinese higher education has grown from a humble base since the late nineteenth century into the world’s largest system on many fronts today. China aims to further promote its socio-economic development and global impact through an ambidextrous strategy to build world-class universities with Chinese characteristics. This chapter conceptualizes the idea of elite universities in China, reviews China’s world-class university policies since the 1950s, and maps the current status of China’s elite universities in terms of their objectives, academic performance, funding situations, international collaboration, and global impact. While the pursuit of equity is one of the main characteristics of China’s elite university system, elite universities have served as an important mechanism for social stratification in Chinese society. Despite many achievements, there are still many challenges behind China’s world-class university blueprint，particularly on how to deal with the tensions between top-down directives and bottom-up initiatives.
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TL;DR: The world of higher education is changing and the world in which higher education plays a significant role is changing as mentioned in this paper, and the international dimension of Higher Education is becoming increasingly impo...
Abstract: The world of higher education is changing and the world in which higher education plays a significant role is changing. The international dimension of higher education is becoming increasingly impo...
1,976 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a reformulated definition of international entrepreneurship is proposed and a model is presented of how the speed of entrepreneurial internationalization is influenced by various forces, such as enabling forces of technology, motivating forces of competition, mediating perceptions of entrepreneurs, and moderating forces of knowledge and networks.
Abstract: This article provides a reformulated definition of international entrepreneurship. Consistent with the new definition, a model is presented of how the speed of entrepreneurial internationalization is influenced by various forces. The model begins with an entrepreneurial opportunity and depicts the enabling forces of technology, the motivating forces of competition, the mediating perceptions of entrepreneurs, and the moderating forces of knowledge and networks that collectively determine the speed of internationalization.
1,739 citations
TL;DR: Innovation is increasingly based upon a "Triple Helix" of university-industry-government interactions as discussed by the authors, and the increased importance of knowledge and the role of the university in incubation of technology-based firms has given it a more prominent place in the institutional firmament.
Abstract: Innovation is increasingly based upon a “Triple Helix” of university-industry-government interactions. The increased importance of knowledge and the role of the university in incubation of technology-based firms has given it a more prominent place in the institutional firmament. The entrepreneurial university takes a proactive stance in putting knowledge to use and in broadening the input into the creation of academic knowledge. Thus it operates according to an interactive rather than a linear model of innovation. As firms raise their technological level, they move closer to an academic model, engaging in higher levels of training and in sharing of knowledge. Government acts as a public entrepreneur and venture capitalist in addition to its traditional regulatory role in setting the rules of the game. Moving beyond product development, innovation then becomes an endogenous process of “taking the role of the other”, encouraging hybridization among the institutional spheres.
1,216 citations
TL;DR: The failure of past "entrepreneurial personality" based research to clearly distinguish the unique contributions to the entrepreneurial process of entrepreneurs as people, has created a vacuum with....
Abstract: The failure of past “entrepreneurial personality”—based research to clearly distinguish the unique contributions to the entrepreneurial process of entrepreneurs as people, has created a vacuum with...
1,153 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a cognitive approach was proposed to probe entrepreneurs' motivations to internationalize and capture their mental models, highlighting the benefits to be gained from and the challenges associated with using a Cognitive approach to international entrepreneurship research.
564 citations