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Journal ArticleDOI

Optical nonlinearities in substituted conjugated polymers

01 Oct 1993-Optical and Quantum Electronics (Kluwer Academic Publishers)-Vol. 25, Iss: 10, pp 723-731
TL;DR: In this article, the contribution of factors such as the backbone, conformation of the chain, sidegroups and polymerization catalyst on the optical nonlinearities of polyphenylacetylene chains was investigated.
Abstract: Conjugated polymers with sidegroups such as methyl, trimethylsilyl, p-methoxy phenyl, o-methoxy phenyl, and hexyl groups on a polyphenylacetylene chain are studied in an attempt to understand the contribution of factors such as the backbone, conformation of the chain, sidegroups and polymerization catalyst on the optical nonlinearities. The results of degenerate four-wave mixing experiments at 532 nm with nanosecond pulses indicate that the substitution of an electron-donating group away from the backbone can enhance the third-order susceptibility. Some of the polymers show optical limiting action at this wavelength. The thermal contribution to the measured susceptibility is also determined.
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Hydroxyl steroidal matrices embedding properly designed aromatic molecules as acceptors and transition-metal complexes as donors exhibit high RSA on exposure to weak incoherent light at room temperature and in air, which may be used to protect eyes and light sensors from exposure to intense radiation generated by incoherent sources.
Abstract: In materials showing reverse saturable absorption (RSA), the optical absorbance increases as the power of the light incident on them increases. To date, RSA has only been observed when very intense light sources, such as short-pulse lasers, are used. Here, we show that hydroxyl steroidal matrices embedding properly designed aromatic molecules as acceptors and transition-metal complexes as donors exhibit high RSA on exposure to weak incoherent light at room temperature and in air. Accumulation by photosensitization of long-lived room-temperature triplet excitons in acceptors with a large triplet-triplet absorption coefficient allows a nonlinear increase in absorbance also under low-power irradiation conditions. As a consequence, continuous exposure to weak light significantly decreases the transmittance of thin films fabricated with these compounds. These optical limiting properties may be used to protect eyes and light sensors from exposure to intense radiation generated by incoherent sources and for other light-absorption applications that have not been realized with conventional RSA materials.

119 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: POSMAT as mentioned in this paper is a program for Pos-Graduacao em Ciencia e Tecnologia de Materiais UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Bauru, Brazil.
Abstract: POSMAT - Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Ciencia e Tecnologia de Materiais UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Bauru, SP

18 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A ladder polymer of phenylacetylene formed via cycloaddition mechanism as a possible precursor to linear polyphenylacetylenes, in bulk polymerization conditions, has been isolated and characterized.
Abstract: Substituted phenylacetylenes are polymerized using in situ generated (arene) M(CO) 3 complexes as catalysts. The catalytic activity of the complexes is discussed with reference to the metals and arene ligands. A ladder polymer of phenylacetylene formed via cycloaddition mechanism as a possible precursor to linear polyphenylacetylenes, in bulk polymerization conditions, has been isolated and characterized. Some of the properties of the polymers are also described.

7 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that better control over polymer molecular weight and polydispersity was achieved with prior mixing of the metal carbonyl complex with the acceptor and by delaying the addition of the monomer.

6 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Li Lin1, Wei Qian1, Chen-Cong Wang1, Yinghua Zou1, Qian Wang1, Huiying Chen1 
TL;DR: In this paper, the femtosecond optical heterodyne detected optical Kerr effect is described in detail and the real and the imaginary parts of complex third-order optical nonlinearity can be effectively separated and their values and signs can be determined.
Abstract: The femtosecond optical heterodyne detected optical Kerr effect is described in detail. The real and the imaginary parts of complex third-order optical nonlinearity can be effectively separated and their values and signs can be determined. Using this method, we thoroughly investigated the substitution effect by adding different side-groups on the –(–C=N–)– conjugated system, a new class of nonlinear optical material. We discussed the improvement in their third-order susceptibilities. And we found the value of second-order hyperpolarizability depends on the polymerization degree, but the relationship is different for different substituted polymers.

4 citations

References
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Book
01 Jan 1986
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors presented the theory and properties of conjugated polymers, including transport, optical, and self-assembly properties of poly(3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene)-polymers.
Abstract: Volume 1: Conjugated Polymers: Theory, Synthesis, Properties, and Characterization PART 1: THEORY OF CONJUGATED POLYMERS On the Transport, Optical, and Self-Assembly Properties of -Conjugated Materials: A Combined Theoretical/Experimental Insight D. Beljonne, J. Cornil, V. Coropceanu, D.A. da Silva Filho, V. Geskin, R. Lazzaroni, P. Leclere, and J.-L. Bredas Theoretical Studies of Electron-Lattice Dynamics in Organic Systems S. Stafstroem PART 2: SYNTHESIS AND CLASSES OF CONJUGATED POLYMERS Helical Polyacetylene Synthesized in Chiral Nematic Liquid Crystals K. Akagi Synthesis and Properties of Poly(arylene vinylene)s A.C. Grimsdale and A.B. Holmes Blue-Emitting Poly(para-Phenylene)-Type Polymers E.J.W. List and U. Scherf Poly(paraPhenyleneethynylene)s and Poly(aryleneethynylene)s: Materials with a Bright Future U.H.F. Bunz Polyaniline Nanofibers: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications J. Huang and R.B. Kaner Recent Advances in Polypyrrole S.H. Cho, K.T. Song, and J.Y. Lee Regioregular Polythiophenes M. Jeffries-El and R.D. McCullough Poly(3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene)-Scientific Importance, Remarkable Properties, and Applications S. Kirchmeyer, K. Reuter, and J.C. Simpson Thienothiophenes: From Monomers to Polymers G.A. Sotzing, V. Seshadri, and F.J. Waller Low Bandgap Conducting Polymers S.C. Rasmussen and M. Pomerantz Advanced Functional Polythiophenes Based on Tailored Precursors P. Blanchard, P. Leriche, P. Frere, and J. Roncali Structure-Property Relationships and Applications of Conjugated Polyelectrolytes K.S. Schanze and X. Zhao PART 3: PROPERTIES AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CONJUGATED POLYMERS Insulator-Metal Transition and Metallic State in Conducting Polymers A.J. Epstein One-Dimensional Charge Transport in Conducting Polymer Nanofibers A.N. Aleshin and Y.W. Park Structure Studies of - and - Conjugated Polymers M.J. Winokur Electrochemistry of Conducting Polymers P. Audebert and F. Miomandre Internal Fields and Electrode Interfaces in Organic Semiconductor Devices: Noninvasive Investigations via Electroabsorption T.M. Brown and F. Cacialli Electrochromism of Conjugated Conducting Polymers A.L. Dyer and J.R. Reynolds Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Conjugated Polymers M.P. de Jong, G. Greczyniski, W. Osikowicz, R. Friedlein, X. Crispin, M. Fahlman, and W.R. Salaneck Ultrafast Exciton Dynamics and Laser Action in -ConjugatedSemiconductors Z. Valy Vardeny and O. Korovyanko Volume 2: Conjugated Polymers: Processing and Applications PART 1: PROCESSING OF CONJUGATED POLYMERS Conductive Polymers as Organic Nanometals B. Wessling Conducting Polymer Fiber Production and Applications I.D. Norris and B.R. Mattes Inkjet Printing and Patterning of PEDOT-PSS: Application to Optoelectronic Devices Y. Yoshioka and G.E. Jabbour Printing Organic Electronics on Flexible Substrates N.D. Robinson and M. Berggren PART 2: APPLICATIONS AND DEVICES BASED ON CONJUGATED POLYMERS Polymers for Use in Polymeric Light-Emitting Diodes: Structure-Property Relationships H. Christian-Pandya, S. Vaidyanathan, and M. Galvin Organic Electro-Optic Materials L.R. Dalton Conjugated Polymer Electronics-Engineering Materials and Devices N. Tessler, J. Veres, O. Globerman, N. Rappaport, Y. Preezant, Y. Roichman, O. Solomesch, S. Tal, E. Gershman, M. Adler, V. Zolotarev, V. Gorelik, and Y. Eichen Electrical Bistable Polymer Films and Their Applications in Memory Devices J. Ouyang, C.-W. Chu, R.J. Tseng, A. Prakash, and Y. Yang Electroactive Polymers for Batteries and Supercapacitors J.A. Irvin, D.J. Irvin, and J.D. Stenger-Smith Conjugated Polymer-Based Photovoltaic Devices A.J. Mozer and N.S. Sariciftci Biomedical Applications of Inherently Conducting Polymers (ICPs),P.C. Innis, S.E. Moulton, and G.G. Wallace Biosensors Based on Conducting Electroactive Polymers S. Brahim, A.M. Wilson, and A. Guiseppi-Elie Optical Biosensors Based on Conjugated Polymers K. Peter, R. Nilsson, and O. Inganas Conjugated Polymers for Microelectromechanical and Other Microdevices G.M. Spinks and E. Smela Corrosion Protection Using Conducting Polymers D.E. Tallman and G.P. Bierwagen Artificial Muscles T.F. Otero

5,843 citations

Book
12 Jul 1983
TL;DR: A process that involves the use of nonlinear optical effects to precisely reverse the direction of the motion of an object is described in this paper, where the optical effects are used to reverse the orientation of the object.
Abstract: A process that involves the use of nonlinear optical effects to precisely reverse the direction of p…

724 citations

01 Jan 1988
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present papers from a Symposium on nonlinear optical properties of polymers, including implementation of neural networks; optical architecture and devices; highly oriented unsubstituted polydiacetylene; and non-linear optical waveguides containing a transition metal-based dye molecule.
Abstract: This book contains papers presented at a symposium on the nonlinear optical properties of polymers. Topics covered include: Implementation of neural networks; optical architecture and devices; Highly oriented unsubstituted polydiacetylene; and Nonlinear optical waveguides containing a transition metal-based dye molecule.

196 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
R. Caro1, M. Gower
TL;DR: In this article, a theory of degenerate four-wave mixing in absorbing media is developed in terms of a general nonlinear susceptibility and the predictions of the theory are examined in both high and low reflectivity regimes and specific nonlinearity-inducing mechanisms of thermally induced refractive index changes, the Kerr effect, and saturable absorption are considered.
Abstract: A theory of degenerate four-wave mixing in absorbing media is developed in terms of a general nonlinear susceptibility. The predictions of the theory are examined in both high and low reflectivity regimes and the specific nonlinearity-inducing mechanisms of thermally induced refractive index changes, the Kerr effect, and saturable absorption are considered. Such a theory is of particular relevance to degenerate four-wave mixing experiments in the ultraviolet and the predictions of the theory are compared with results obtained from such experiments.

95 citations