Optics for coherent X-ray applications.

doi:10.1107/S1600577514016415

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Optics for coherent X-ray applications.

Journal Article•DOI•

Optics for coherent X-ray applications.

Makina Yabashi, Kensuke Tono, Hidekazu Mimura¹, Satoshi Matsuyama², Kazuto Yamauchi², Takashi Tanaka, Hitoshi Tanaka, Kenji Tamasaku, Haruhiko Ohashi, Shunji Goto, Tetsuya Ishikawa - Show less +7 more•Institutions (2)

University of Tokyo¹, Osaka University²

01 Sep 2014-Journal of Synchrotron Radiation (International Union of Crystallography)-Vol. 21, Iss: 5, pp 976-985

TL;DR: Developments of optics for coherent X-ray applications and their role in diffraction-limited storage rings are described.

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Abstract: Developments of X-ray optics for full utilization of diffraction-limited storage rings (DLSRs) are presented. The expected performance of DLSRs is introduced using the design parameters of SPring-8 II. To develop optical elements applicable to manipulation of coherent X-rays, advanced technologies on precise processing and metrology were invented. With propagation-based coherent X-rays at the 1 km beamline of SPring-8, a beryllium window fabricated with the physical-vapour-deposition method was found to have ideal speckle-free properties. The elastic emission machining method was utilized for developing reflective mirrors without distortion of the wavefronts. The method was further applied to production of diffraction-limited focusing mirrors generating the smallest spot size in the sub-10 nm regime. To enable production of ultra-intense nanobeams at DLSRs, a low-vibration cooling system for a high-heat-load monochromator and advanced diagnostic systems to characterize X-ray beam properties precisely were developed. Finally, new experimental schemes for combinative nano-analysis and spectroscopy realised with novel X-ray optics are discussed.

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Journal Article•DOI•

Diffraction-limited storage rings - a window to the science of tomorrow.

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Mikael Eriksson, J. Friso van der Veen¹, Christoph Quitmann•Institutions (1)

Paul Scherrer Institute¹

01 Sep 2014-Journal of Synchrotron Radiation

TL;DR: This article summarizes the contributions in this special issue on Diffraction-Limited Storage Rings and analyses the progress in accelerator technology enabling a significant increase in brightness and coherent fraction of the X-ray light provided by storage rings.

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Abstract: This article summarizes the contributions in this special issue on Diffraction-Limited Storage Rings. It analyses the progress in accelerator technology enabling a significant increase in brightness and coherent fraction of the X-ray light provided by storage rings. With MAX IV and Sirius there are two facilities under construction that already exploit these advantages. Several other projects are in the design stage and these will probably enhance the performance further. To translate the progress in light source quality into new science requires similar progress in aspects such as optics, beamline technology, detectors and data analysis. The quality of new science will be limited by the weakest component in this value chain. Breakthroughs can be expected in high-resolution imaging, microscopy and spectroscopy. These techniques are relevant for many fields of science; for example, for the fundamental understanding of the properties of correlated electron materials, the development and characterization of materials for data and energy storage, environmental applications and bio-medicine.

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227 citations

Cites background or methods from "Optics for coherent X-ray applicati..."

...Exploitation of the full potential of a DLSR requires nearperfect optics (Siewert et al., 2014; Yabashi et al., 2014; Susini et al., 2014; Schroer & Falkenberg, 2014), dedicated beamlines and sample environments (McMahon, 2014; Susini et al., 2014), and specialized detectors (Denes & Schmitt, 2014)....
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...…relevant technologies have been identified and first promising results are presented in this issue for polishing of optics (Siewert et al., 2014; Yabashi et al., 2014; Susini et al., 2014), coating with single or optimized multilayers (Siewert et al., 2014; Susini et al., 2014), focusing…...
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...Different optical elements have been conceived and tested and provide resolutions down below 10 nm already (Yabashi et al., 2014)....
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...…(Siewert et al., 2014; Yabashi et al., 2014; Susini et al., 2014), coating with single or optimized multilayers (Siewert et al., 2014; Susini et al., 2014), focusing (Siewert et al., 2014; Yabashi et al., 2014; Schroer & Falkenberg, 2014), as well as filters and diagnostics (Yabashi et al., 2014)....
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...…community will need to develop proper beam simulation tools from source to detector, which take coherence and fabrication errors into account and allow global optimization and testing of new optical concepts (Siewert et al., 2014; Yabashi et al., 2014; Susini et al., 2014; de Jonge et al., 2014)....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Short-wavelength free-electron laser sources and science: a review

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E. A. Seddon¹, E. A. Seddon², E. A. Seddon³, J. A. Clarke¹, J. A. Clarke², David Dunning¹, David Dunning², Claudio Masciovecchio, Christopher J. Milne⁴, Fulvio Parmigiani⁵, Fulvio Parmigiani⁶, D Rugg⁷, John C. H. Spence⁸, N.R. Thompson², N.R. Thompson¹, Kiyoshi Ueda⁹, Sam Vinko¹⁰, Justin Wark¹⁰, Wilfried Wurth¹¹ - Show less +15 more•Institutions (11)

Cockcroft Institute¹, Daresbury Laboratory², University of Manchester³, Paul Scherrer Institute⁴, University of Trieste⁵, Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste⁶, Rolls-Royce Motor Cars⁷, Arizona State University⁸, Tohoku University⁹, University of Oxford¹⁰, University of Hamburg¹¹

23 Oct 2017-Reports on Progress in Physics

TL;DR: This review is focused on free-electron lasers (FELs) in the hard to soft x-ray regime and provides newcomers to the area with insights into: the basic physics of FELs, the qualities of the radiation they produce, the challenges of transmitting that radiation to end users and the diversity of current scientific applications.

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Abstract: This review is focused on free-electron lasers (FELs) in the hard to soft x-ray regime. The aim is to provide newcomers to the area with insights into: the basic physics of FELs, the qualities of the radiation they produce, the challenges of transmitting that radiation to end users and the diversity of current scientific applications. Initial consideration is given to FEL theory in order to provide the foundation for discussion of FEL output properties and the technical challenges of short-wavelength FELs. This is followed by an overview of existing x-ray FEL facilities, future facilities and FEL frontiers. To provide a context for information in the above sections, a detailed comparison of the photon pulse characteristics of FEL sources with those of other sources of high brightness x-rays is made. A brief summary of FEL beamline design and photon diagnostics then precedes an overview of FEL scientific applications. Recent highlights are covered in sections on structural biology, atomic and molecular physics, photochemistry, non-linear spectroscopy, shock physics, solid density plasmas. A short industrial perspective is also included to emphasise potential in this area.

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178 citations

Cites background from "Optics for coherent X-ray applicati..."

...Note that this last requirement is also important at diffraction limited storage rings [179]....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Overview of the SACLA facility.

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Makina Yabashi, Hitoshi Tanaka, Tetsuya Ishikawa

01 May 2015-Journal of Synchrotron Radiation

TL;DR: An overview of SACLA operating as a user facility and the updated status of the light source and the beamline is summarized.

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Abstract: In March 2012, SACLA started user operations of the first compact X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) facility. SACLA has been routinely providing users with stable XFEL light over a wide photon energy range from 4 to 15 keV and an ultrafast pulse duration below 10 fs. The facility supports experimental activities in broad fields by offering high-quality X-ray optics and diagnostics, as well as reliable multiport charge-coupled-device detectors, with flexible experimental configurations. A two-stage X-ray focusing system was developed that enables the highest intensity of 1020 W cm−2. Key scientific results published in 2013 and 2014 in diverse fields are reviewed. The main experimental systems developed for these applications are summarized. A perspective on the facility upgrade is presented.

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119 citations

Cites methods from "Optics for coherent X-ray applicati..."

...In parallel to these accelerator studies, we performed R&D on X-ray optics to fully utilize coherent X-rays from an XFEL light source (Yabashi et al., 2014)....
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Journal Article•DOI•

New developments in high-pressure X-ray diffraction beamline for diamond anvil cell at SPring-8

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Naohisa Hirao, Sho Kawaguchi, Kei Hirose¹, Kei Hirose², Katsuya Shimizu³, Eiji Ohtani⁴, Yasuo Ohishi - Show less +3 more•Institutions (4)

University of Tokyo¹, Tokyo Institute of Technology², Osaka University³, Tohoku University⁴

16 Jan 2020-Matter and Radiation at Extremes

TL;DR: An overview of the recently renovated high-pressure X-ray diffraction (XRD) BL10XU beamline for the diamond anvil cell at SPring-8 is presented in this article.

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88 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Design of the mirror optical systems for coherent diffractive imaging at the SPB/SFX instrument of the European XFEL

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Richard Bean¹, Andrew Aquila², Liubov Samoylova¹, Adrian P. Mancuso¹•Institutions (2)

European XFEL¹, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory²

06 Jun 2016-Journal of Optics

TL;DR: In this article, the authors present the design and simulated performance of two state-of-the-art Kirkpatrik-Baez mirror systems that form the primary foci of the single particles, clusters and biomolecules and serial femtosecond crystallography (SPB/SFX) instrument of the European XFEL.

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Abstract: The high degree of spatial coherence and extreme pulse energies available at x-ray free electron laser (XFEL) sources naturally support coherent diffractive imaging applications. In order to optimally exploit these unique properties, the optical systems at XFELs must be highly transmissive, focus to appropriate sizes matched to the scale of samples to be investigated and must minimally perturb the wavefront of the XFEL beam. We present the design and simulated performance of two state-of-the-art Kirkpatrik–Baez mirror systems that form the primary foci of the single particles, clusters and biomolecules and serial femtosecond crystallography (SPB/SFX) instrument of the European XFEL. The two systems, presently under construction, will produce 1 μm and 100 nm scale foci across a 3–16 keV photon energy range. Targeted applications include coherent imaging of weakly scattering, often biological, specimens.

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36 citations

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Journal Article•DOI•

Beamline, experimental stations and photon beam diagnostics for the hard x-ray free electron laser of SACLA

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Kensuke Tono, Tadashi Togashi, Yuichi Inubushi, T Sato, Tetsuo Katayama, Kanade Ogawa, Hiromichi Ohashi, H Kimura, S. Takahashi, Kunikazu Takeshita, Hiromitsu Tomizawa, Satoshi Goto, T. Ishikawa, Makina Yabashi - Show less +10 more

20 Aug 2013-New Journal of Physics

TL;DR: A beamline for the X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) of SPring-8 Angstrom Compact free electron LAser (SACLA) provides hard x-ray pulses in the range 4.5-19.5 keV as mentioned in this paper.

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Abstract: A beamline for the x-ray free electron laser (XFEL) of SPring-8 Angstrom Compact free electron LAser (SACLA) provides hard x-ray pulses in the range 4.5–19.5 keV. Its optical system in an optics hutch delivers a pink beam below 15 keV with either of two double-mirror systems or a monochromatic beam with a double-crystal monochromator. These XFEL beams are used for various types of measurement at experimental stations, e.g. x-ray diffraction, coherent diffraction imaging, x-ray spectroscopy and pump-and-probe measurement. The experimental stations consist of experimental hutches and control stations, and a femtosecond optical laser which is synchronized with XFEL pulses. Photon diagnostics have been performed for measuring radiation parameters in a shot-by-shot manner.

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237 citations

"Optics for coherent X-ray applicati..." refers background in this paper

...This subsection introduces in-line intensity and profile diagnostics that have been in operation at SACLA (Ishikawa et al., 2012; Tono et al., 2013)....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Figuring with subnanometer-level accuracy by numerically controlled elastic emission machining

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Kazuto Yamauchi, Hidekazu Mimura, Kouji Inagaki, Yuzo Mori

25 Oct 2002-Review of Scientific Instruments

TL;DR: In this article, a numerically controlled elastic emission machining (EEM) system was developed to fabricate ultraprecise optical components, particularly in x-ray optics, by which a high shear-rate flow of ultrapure water can be generated on the work surface, to transport the fine powder particles to the processing surface.

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Abstract: A numerically controlled elastic emission machining (EEM) system has been developed to fabricate ultraprecise optical components, particularly in x-ray optics. Nozzle-type EEM heads, by which a high shear-rate flow of ultrapure water can be generated on the work surface, have been newly proposed to transport the fine powder particles to the processing surface. Using this type of EEM head, the obtainable spatial resolution in figure correction can be changed by selecting the suitable aperture size of the nozzle according to the required spatial frequency. As a result of test figuring, 1 nm level peak-to-valley (p–v) accuracy is achieved throughout the entire spatial wavelength range longer than 0.3 mm. In addition, the microroughness of the processed surface is certified to also be approximately 1 nm (p–v).

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234 citations

"Optics for coherent X-ray applicati..." refers background in this paper

...To achieve this level, several machining techniques have been developed, such as elastic emission machining (EEM) (Yamauchi et al., 2002a), ion beam figuring (Schindler et al., 2001) and additional deposition (Ice et al., 2000), as well as surface metrologies such as a long trace profiler (Takacs…...
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...In 2001, we started to fabricate flat mirrors by combining EEM with a micro-stitching interferometer (MSI) (Yamauchi et al., 2003)....
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...We also observed both constructive and destructive interference fringe patterns in the vicinity of the beam waist, which agreed with those produced by a wave-optical simulation (Yamauchi et al., 2002b)....
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...To achieve this level, several machining techniques have been developed, such as elastic emission machining (EEM) (Yamauchi et al., 2002a), ion beam figuring (Schindler et al., 2001) and additional deposition (Ice et al., 2000), as well as surface metrologies such as a long trace profiler (Takacs et al., 1987) and stitching interferometers (Yamauchi et al., 2003; Mimura et al., 2005a)....
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...An upgraded EEM (Takei & Mimura, 2014) system will also be used for fabrication....
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Journal Article•DOI•

A Proposal for an X-Ray Free-Electron Laser Oscillator with an Energy-Recovery Linac

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Kwang-Je Kim¹, Yuri Shvyd'ko¹, Sven Reiche²•Institutions (2)

Argonne National Laboratory¹, University of California, Los Angeles²

17 Jun 2008-Physical Review Letters

TL;DR: In this article, a free-electron laser oscillator generating x rays with wavelengths of about 1 A is proposed, using ultralow emittance electron beams of a multi-GeV energy-recovery linac, combined with a low-loss crystal cavity.

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Abstract: We show that a free-electron laser oscillator generating x rays with wavelengths of about 1 A is feasible using ultralow emittance electron beams of a multi-GeV energy-recovery linac, combined with a low-loss crystal cavity. The device will produce x-ray pulses with 10{9} photons at a repetition rate of 1-100 MHz. The pulses are temporarily and transversely coherent, with a rms bandwidth of about 2 meV, and rms pulse length of about 1 ps.

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207 citations

An X-Ray Free-Electron Laser Oscillator with an Energy Recovery Linac

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Kwang-Je Kim, Sven Reiche

01 Jan 2008

TL;DR: It is shown that a free-electron laser oscillator generating x rays with wavelengths of about 1 A is feasible using ultralow emittance electron beams of a multi-GeV energy-recovery linac, combined with a low-loss crystal cavity.

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Abstract: We show that a free-electron laser oscillator generating x-rays with a wavelengths of about 1 A is feasible using ultra-low emittance electron beams of a multi-GeV energy recovery linac, combined with a low-loss crystal cavity. The device will produce x-ray pulses with 109 photons at a repetition rate of 1-100 MHz. The pulses are temporarily and transversely coherent, with an rms bandwidth of about 2 meV, and rms pulse length of about 1 ps.

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178 citations

"Optics for coherent X-ray applicati..." refers background in this paper

...These developments are important steps in the development of XFEL laser oscillators (Kim et al., 2008), which requires ultra-precise control of both X-rays and the electron beam in six-dimensional phase space....
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Journal Article•DOI•

X-ray two-photon absorption competing against single and sequential multiphoton processes

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Kenji Tamasaku, Eiji Shigemasa, Yuichi Inubushi, Tetsuo Katayama, Kei Sawada, Hirokatsu Yumoto, Haruhiko Ohashi, Hidekazu Mimura¹, Makina Yabashi, Kazuto Yamauchi², Tetsuya Ishikawa - Show less +7 more•Institutions (2)

University of Tokyo¹, Osaka University²

01 Apr 2014-Nature Photonics

TL;DR: In this article, the first observation of a third-order process induced by an X-ray beam from a free-electron laser is realized in germanium using a 5.6-keV X ray beam.

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Abstract: The first observation of a third-order process induced by an X-ray beam from a free-electron laser is realized in germanium using a 5.6-keV X-ray beam. Two-photon absorption is confirmed, suggesting that X-ray analogues of other third-order nonlinear processes may be available for exploitation in X-ray experiments.

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156 citations

"Optics for coherent X-ray applicati..." refers methods in this paper

...We successfully generated ultra-intense X-ray pulses of 1020 W cm 2 with a size of 30 nm 55 nm for 9.9 keV XFEL pulses from SACLA (Mimura et al., 2014), which were applied to observe two-photon absorption for the germanium K-absorption edge of 11.1 keV (Tamasaku et al., 2014)....
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