Optics for coherent X-ray applications.

doi:10.1107/S1600577514016415

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Optics for coherent X-ray applications.

Journal Article•DOI•

Optics for coherent X-ray applications.

Makina Yabashi, Kensuke Tono, Hidekazu Mimura¹, Satoshi Matsuyama², Kazuto Yamauchi², Takashi Tanaka, Hitoshi Tanaka, Kenji Tamasaku, Haruhiko Ohashi, Shunji Goto, Tetsuya Ishikawa - Show less +7 more•Institutions (2)

University of Tokyo¹, Osaka University²

01 Sep 2014-Journal of Synchrotron Radiation (International Union of Crystallography)-Vol. 21, Iss: 5, pp 976-985

TL;DR: Developments of optics for coherent X-ray applications and their role in diffraction-limited storage rings are described.

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Abstract: Developments of X-ray optics for full utilization of diffraction-limited storage rings (DLSRs) are presented. The expected performance of DLSRs is introduced using the design parameters of SPring-8 II. To develop optical elements applicable to manipulation of coherent X-rays, advanced technologies on precise processing and metrology were invented. With propagation-based coherent X-rays at the 1 km beamline of SPring-8, a beryllium window fabricated with the physical-vapour-deposition method was found to have ideal speckle-free properties. The elastic emission machining method was utilized for developing reflective mirrors without distortion of the wavefronts. The method was further applied to production of diffraction-limited focusing mirrors generating the smallest spot size in the sub-10 nm regime. To enable production of ultra-intense nanobeams at DLSRs, a low-vibration cooling system for a high-heat-load monochromator and advanced diagnostic systems to characterize X-ray beam properties precisely were developed. Finally, new experimental schemes for combinative nano-analysis and spectroscopy realised with novel X-ray optics are discussed.

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Journal Article•DOI•

Diffraction-limited storage rings - a window to the science of tomorrow.

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Mikael Eriksson, J. Friso van der Veen¹, Christoph Quitmann•Institutions (1)

Paul Scherrer Institute¹

01 Sep 2014-Journal of Synchrotron Radiation

TL;DR: This article summarizes the contributions in this special issue on Diffraction-Limited Storage Rings and analyses the progress in accelerator technology enabling a significant increase in brightness and coherent fraction of the X-ray light provided by storage rings.

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Abstract: This article summarizes the contributions in this special issue on Diffraction-Limited Storage Rings. It analyses the progress in accelerator technology enabling a significant increase in brightness and coherent fraction of the X-ray light provided by storage rings. With MAX IV and Sirius there are two facilities under construction that already exploit these advantages. Several other projects are in the design stage and these will probably enhance the performance further. To translate the progress in light source quality into new science requires similar progress in aspects such as optics, beamline technology, detectors and data analysis. The quality of new science will be limited by the weakest component in this value chain. Breakthroughs can be expected in high-resolution imaging, microscopy and spectroscopy. These techniques are relevant for many fields of science; for example, for the fundamental understanding of the properties of correlated electron materials, the development and characterization of materials for data and energy storage, environmental applications and bio-medicine.

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227 citations

Cites background or methods from "Optics for coherent X-ray applicati..."

...Exploitation of the full potential of a DLSR requires nearperfect optics (Siewert et al., 2014; Yabashi et al., 2014; Susini et al., 2014; Schroer & Falkenberg, 2014), dedicated beamlines and sample environments (McMahon, 2014; Susini et al., 2014), and specialized detectors (Denes & Schmitt, 2014)....
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...…relevant technologies have been identified and first promising results are presented in this issue for polishing of optics (Siewert et al., 2014; Yabashi et al., 2014; Susini et al., 2014), coating with single or optimized multilayers (Siewert et al., 2014; Susini et al., 2014), focusing…...
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...Different optical elements have been conceived and tested and provide resolutions down below 10 nm already (Yabashi et al., 2014)....
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...…(Siewert et al., 2014; Yabashi et al., 2014; Susini et al., 2014), coating with single or optimized multilayers (Siewert et al., 2014; Susini et al., 2014), focusing (Siewert et al., 2014; Yabashi et al., 2014; Schroer & Falkenberg, 2014), as well as filters and diagnostics (Yabashi et al., 2014)....
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...…community will need to develop proper beam simulation tools from source to detector, which take coherence and fabrication errors into account and allow global optimization and testing of new optical concepts (Siewert et al., 2014; Yabashi et al., 2014; Susini et al., 2014; de Jonge et al., 2014)....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Short-wavelength free-electron laser sources and science: a review

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E. A. Seddon¹, E. A. Seddon², E. A. Seddon³, J. A. Clarke¹, J. A. Clarke², David Dunning¹, David Dunning², Claudio Masciovecchio, Christopher J. Milne⁴, Fulvio Parmigiani⁵, Fulvio Parmigiani⁶, D Rugg⁷, John C. H. Spence⁸, N.R. Thompson², N.R. Thompson¹, Kiyoshi Ueda⁹, Sam Vinko¹⁰, Justin Wark¹⁰, Wilfried Wurth¹¹ - Show less +15 more•Institutions (11)

Cockcroft Institute¹, Daresbury Laboratory², University of Manchester³, Paul Scherrer Institute⁴, University of Trieste⁵, Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste⁶, Rolls-Royce Motor Cars⁷, Arizona State University⁸, Tohoku University⁹, University of Oxford¹⁰, University of Hamburg¹¹

23 Oct 2017-Reports on Progress in Physics

TL;DR: This review is focused on free-electron lasers (FELs) in the hard to soft x-ray regime and provides newcomers to the area with insights into: the basic physics of FELs, the qualities of the radiation they produce, the challenges of transmitting that radiation to end users and the diversity of current scientific applications.

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Abstract: This review is focused on free-electron lasers (FELs) in the hard to soft x-ray regime. The aim is to provide newcomers to the area with insights into: the basic physics of FELs, the qualities of the radiation they produce, the challenges of transmitting that radiation to end users and the diversity of current scientific applications. Initial consideration is given to FEL theory in order to provide the foundation for discussion of FEL output properties and the technical challenges of short-wavelength FELs. This is followed by an overview of existing x-ray FEL facilities, future facilities and FEL frontiers. To provide a context for information in the above sections, a detailed comparison of the photon pulse characteristics of FEL sources with those of other sources of high brightness x-rays is made. A brief summary of FEL beamline design and photon diagnostics then precedes an overview of FEL scientific applications. Recent highlights are covered in sections on structural biology, atomic and molecular physics, photochemistry, non-linear spectroscopy, shock physics, solid density plasmas. A short industrial perspective is also included to emphasise potential in this area.

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178 citations

Cites background from "Optics for coherent X-ray applicati..."

...Note that this last requirement is also important at diffraction limited storage rings [179]....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Overview of the SACLA facility.

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Makina Yabashi, Hitoshi Tanaka, Tetsuya Ishikawa

01 May 2015-Journal of Synchrotron Radiation

TL;DR: An overview of SACLA operating as a user facility and the updated status of the light source and the beamline is summarized.

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Abstract: In March 2012, SACLA started user operations of the first compact X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) facility. SACLA has been routinely providing users with stable XFEL light over a wide photon energy range from 4 to 15 keV and an ultrafast pulse duration below 10 fs. The facility supports experimental activities in broad fields by offering high-quality X-ray optics and diagnostics, as well as reliable multiport charge-coupled-device detectors, with flexible experimental configurations. A two-stage X-ray focusing system was developed that enables the highest intensity of 1020 W cm−2. Key scientific results published in 2013 and 2014 in diverse fields are reviewed. The main experimental systems developed for these applications are summarized. A perspective on the facility upgrade is presented.

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119 citations

Cites methods from "Optics for coherent X-ray applicati..."

...In parallel to these accelerator studies, we performed R&D on X-ray optics to fully utilize coherent X-rays from an XFEL light source (Yabashi et al., 2014)....
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Journal Article•DOI•

New developments in high-pressure X-ray diffraction beamline for diamond anvil cell at SPring-8

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Naohisa Hirao, Sho Kawaguchi, Kei Hirose¹, Kei Hirose², Katsuya Shimizu³, Eiji Ohtani⁴, Yasuo Ohishi - Show less +3 more•Institutions (4)

University of Tokyo¹, Tokyo Institute of Technology², Osaka University³, Tohoku University⁴

16 Jan 2020-Matter and Radiation at Extremes

TL;DR: An overview of the recently renovated high-pressure X-ray diffraction (XRD) BL10XU beamline for the diamond anvil cell at SPring-8 is presented in this article.

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88 citations

Journal Article•DOI•

Design of the mirror optical systems for coherent diffractive imaging at the SPB/SFX instrument of the European XFEL

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Richard Bean¹, Andrew Aquila², Liubov Samoylova¹, Adrian P. Mancuso¹•Institutions (2)

European XFEL¹, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory²

06 Jun 2016-Journal of Optics

TL;DR: In this article, the authors present the design and simulated performance of two state-of-the-art Kirkpatrik-Baez mirror systems that form the primary foci of the single particles, clusters and biomolecules and serial femtosecond crystallography (SPB/SFX) instrument of the European XFEL.

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Abstract: The high degree of spatial coherence and extreme pulse energies available at x-ray free electron laser (XFEL) sources naturally support coherent diffractive imaging applications. In order to optimally exploit these unique properties, the optical systems at XFELs must be highly transmissive, focus to appropriate sizes matched to the scale of samples to be investigated and must minimally perturb the wavefront of the XFEL beam. We present the design and simulated performance of two state-of-the-art Kirkpatrik–Baez mirror systems that form the primary foci of the single particles, clusters and biomolecules and serial femtosecond crystallography (SPB/SFX) instrument of the European XFEL. The two systems, presently under construction, will produce 1 μm and 100 nm scale foci across a 3–16 keV photon energy range. Targeted applications include coherent imaging of weakly scattering, often biological, specimens.

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36 citations

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Journal Article•DOI•

SPring-8 RIKEN beamline III for coherent X-ray optics

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Kenji Tamasaku, Yoshihito Tanaka, Makina Yabashi, Hiroshi Yamazaki, N. Kawamura, Motohiro Suzuki, Tetsuya Ishikawa - Show less +3 more

21 Jul 2001-Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A-accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment

TL;DR: In this article, an X-ray undulator beamline with a 1 km long transport channel was constructed and high quality beam with more than 6×10 13 photons/s was delivered by an in-vacuum undulator and a cryogenic cooling system adapted to the monochromator.

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Abstract: An X-ray undulator beamline with a 1 km long transport channel was constructed. High quality beam with more than 6×10 13 photons/s is delivered by an in-vacuum undulator and a cryogenic cooling system adapted to the monochromator. Experimental stations contain versatile multi-axis precision diffractometers, various detectors and a synchronized picosecond laser system.

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155 citations

"Optics for coherent X-ray applicati..." refers background in this paper

...In this section we review the developments of optical elements for coherent applications, mainly conducted at the coherent X-ray optics beamline BL29XUL of SPring-8 with a beamline length as long as 1 km (Tamasaku et al., 2001; Ishikawa et al., 2001)....
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Proceedings Article•DOI•

Design Of A Long Trace Surface Profiler

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Péter Takács¹, Shinan Qian¹, Jeffrey Colbert¹•Institutions (1)

Brookhaven National Laboratory¹

20 Apr 1987

TL;DR: In this paper, a long trace surface profiler for the non-contact measurement of surface profile, slope error and curvature on cylindrical synchrotron radiation (SR) mirror is pre-sented.

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Abstract: The design of a long-trace surface profiler for the non-contact measurement of surface profile, slope error and curvature on cylindrical synchrotron radiation (SR) mirror is pre-sented here. The optical system is based upon the concept of a pencil-beam interferometer with an inherent large depth-of-field. The key feature of the optical system is the zero-path-difference beam splitter, which separates the laser beam into two colinear, variable-separation probe beams. A linear array detector is used to record the interference fringe in the image, and analysis of the fringe location as a function of scan position allows one to reconstruct the surface profile. The optical head is mounted on an air bearing slide with the capability to measure 38" long aspheric optics, typical of those encountered in SR applications. A novel feature of the optical system is the use of a transverse "outrigger" beam which provides information on the relative alignment of the scan axis to the cylinder optic symmetry axis.

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151 citations

"Optics for coherent X-ray applicati..." refers background in this paper

...…emission machining (EEM) (Yamauchi et al., 2002a), ion beam figuring (Schindler et al., 2001) and additional deposition (Ice et al., 2000), as well as surface metrologies such as a long trace profiler (Takacs et al., 1987) and stitching interferometers (Yamauchi et al., 2003; Mimura et al., 2005a)....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Single-nanometer focusing of hard x-rays by Kirkpatrick–Baez mirrors

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Kazuto Yamauchi¹, Hidekazu Mimura, Takashi Kimura, Hirokatsu Yumoto, Soichiro Handa, Satoshi Matsuyama, Kenta Arima, Yasuhisa Sano, Kazuya Yamamura¹, Koji Inagaki, Hiroki Nakamori, Jangwoo Kim, Kenji Tamasaku, Yoshinori Nishino², Makina Yabashi, Tetsuya Ishikawa - Show less +12 more•Institutions (2)

Osaka University¹, Hokkaido University²

05 Oct 2011-Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter

TL;DR: An at-wavelength wavefront error sensing method based on x-ray interferometry and an in situ phase compensator mirror, which adaptively deforms with nanometer precision, were developed to satisfy the Rayleigh criterion to achieve diffraction-limited focusing in a single-nanometer range.

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Abstract: We have constructed an extremely precise optical system for hard-x-ray nanofocusing in a synchrotron radiation beamline. Precision multilayer mirrors were fabricated, tested, and employed as Kirkpatrick–Baez mirrors with a novel phase error compensator. In the phase compensator, an at-wavelength wavefront error sensing method based on x-ray interferometry and an in situ phase compensator mirror, which adaptively deforms with nanometer precision, were developed to satisfy the Rayleigh criterion to achieve diffraction-limited focusing in a single-nanometer range. The performance of the optics was tested at BL29XUL of SPring-8 and was confirmed to realize a spot size of approximately 7 nm.

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143 citations

Additional excerpts

...5 (Yamauchi et al., 2011)....
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Journal Article•DOI•

Microstitching interferometry for x-ray reflective optics

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Kazuto Yamauchi, Kazuya Yamamura, Hidekazu Mimura, Yasuhisa Sano, Akira Saito, Kazumasa Ueno, Katsuyoshi Endo, Alexei Souvorov, Makina Yabashi, Kenji Tamasaku, Tetsuya Ishikawa, Yuzo Mori - Show less +8 more

29 Apr 2003-Review of Scientific Instruments

TL;DR: In this article, a new stitching interferometry based on a microscopic interferometer having peak-to-valley height accuracy of subnanometer order and lateral resolution higher than 20 μm was developed to measure surface figures of large-size x-ray mirror optics.

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Abstract: A new stitching interferometry based on a microscopic interferometer having peak-to-valley height accuracy of subnanometer order and lateral resolution higher than 20 μm was developed to measure surface figures of large-size x-ray mirror optics. Cumulative errors of the stitching angle in a long spatial wavelength range were effectively reduced to be 1×10−7 rad levels using another interferometer having a large cross section in the optical cavity. Some optical performances of ultraprecise x-ray mirrors, such as submicrofocused beam profile, were wave optically calculated from the measured surface figure profiles and observed at the 1 km long beamline (BL29XUL) of SPring-8. Observed and wave optically calculated results were in good agreement with a high degree of accuracy.

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135 citations

"Optics for coherent X-ray applicati..." refers background or methods in this paper

...In 2001, we started to fabricate flat mirrors by combining EEM with a micro-stitching interferometer (MSI) (Yamauchi et al., 2003)....
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...…emission machining (EEM) (Yamauchi et al., 2002a), ion beam figuring (Schindler et al., 2001) and additional deposition (Ice et al., 2000), as well as surface metrologies such as a long trace profiler (Takacs et al., 1987) and stitching interferometers (Yamauchi et al., 2003; Mimura et al., 2005a)....
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...An advanced stitching interferometer was developed for profiling the three-dimensional shape by combining MSI and RADSI (Yumoto et al., 2010)....
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Journal Article•DOI•

A review of X-ray intensity fluctuation spectroscopy

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Mark Sutton¹•Institutions (1)

McGill University¹

01 Jun 2008-Comptes Rendus Physique

TL;DR: Sutton et al. as mentioned in this paper reviewed the literature on X-ray fluctuation intensity spectroscopy and highlighted measurements using different types of diffuse scattering, which is often referred to as Xray photon correlation spectrograms.

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131 citations

"Optics for coherent X-ray applicati..." refers background in this paper

...Furthermore, high transverse coherence enhances capabilities of coherence-related applications, such as single-particle coherent imaging (Miao et al., 1999), ptychography (Rodenburg et al., 2007) and correlation spectroscopy (Sutton, 2008)....
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