Optimal control of thin circular cylindrical laminated composite shells using active constrained layer damping treatment
TL;DR: In this article, a finite element model has been derived to formulate the dynamics of the composite shells integrated with the patches of active constrained layer damping (ACLD) treatment, and the optimal size of the patches located at the optimal places has been determined on the basis of a frequency constraint.
Abstract: Active control of the vibration of laminated circular cylindrical composite shells has been demonstrated using optimally placed patches of active constrained layer damping (ACLD) treatment. A finite element model has been derived to formulate the dynamics of the composite shells integrated with the patches of ACLD treatment. Optimal placements of the patches are determined by employing a modal controllability criterion to control the first two modes of vibration. The optimal size of the patches located at the optimal places has been determined on the basis of a frequency constraint. The performance of these patches in enhancing the damping of the symmetric cross-ply and angle-ply laminated shells has been illustrated with frequency response functions of the shells.
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TL;DR: A review of the state-of-the-art in the area of dynamic analysis of composite shells can be found in this article, where the main aim is to provide a broad perspective of the current state of the art in this field.
364 citations
Cites background from "Optimal control of thin circular cy..."
...[49], Ray and Reddy [52], Shina et al....
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...Ray and Reddy [52] studied control of thin circular cylindrical laminated composite shells using active constrained layer damping treatment....
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TL;DR: In this paper, the analysis of active constrained layer damping (ACLD) of laminated thin composite shells using piezoelectric fiber reinforced composite (PFRC) materials is considered to be made of the PFRC materials.
89 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a micromechanics model has been derived to predict the effective elastic and piezoelectric coefficients of the composite material used for the distributed actuator of smart structures.
Abstract: This paper deals with the analysis of vertically reinforced 1–3 piezoelectric composite materials as the material used for the distributed actuator of smart structures A micromechanics model has been derived to predict the effective elastic and piezoelectric coefficients of these piezoelectric composites which are useful for the analysis of smart beams In order to investigate the performance of a layer of this 1–3 piezoelectric composite material as the distributed actuator of smart structures, active constrained layer damping (ACLD) of smart laminated composite beams has been studied The constraining layer in the ACLD treatment has been considered to be made of this piezoelectric composite A finite element model has been developed to study the dynamics of the overall beam/ACLD system Both in-plane and out-of-plane actuations of the constraining layer of the ACLD treatment have been utilized for deriving the finite element model It has been found that these vertically reinforced 1–3 piezoelectric composite materials which are in general being used as distributed sensors can be potentially used as distributed actuators of smart structures
80 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a finite element model has been developed for analyzing the active constrained layer damping of laminated symmetric and antisymmetric cross-ply and angle-ply composite plates integrated with the patches of such ACLD treatment.
Abstract: This paper deals with the analysis of vertically reinforced 1-3 piezoelectric composite materials as the material for the distributed actuator of smart laminated composite plates. A simple micromechanics model has been derived to predict the effective elastic and piezoelectric coefficients of these piezoelectric composites which are useful for the three dimensional analysis of smart structures. The main concern of this study is to investigate the performance of a layer of this vertically reinforced 1-3 piezoelectric composite material as the constraining layer of the active constrained layer damping (ACLD) treatment. A finite element model has been developed for analyzing the active constrained layer damping of laminated symmetric and antisymmetric cross-ply and angle-ply composite plates integrated with the patches of such ACLD treatment. Both in-plane and out-of-plane actuation of the constraining layer of the ACLD treatment have been utilized for deriving the finite element model. The analysis revealed...
69 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a finite element model for static analysis of functionally graded (FG) plates integrated with a layer of piezoelectric fiber reinforced composite (PFRC) material was derived.
65 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, a scaling analysis is performed to demonstrate that the effectiveness of actuators is independent of the size of the structure and evaluate various piezoelectric materials based on their effectiveness in transmitting strain to the substructure.
Abstract: This work presents the analytic and experimental development of piezoelectric actuators as elements of intelligent structures, i.e., structures with highly distributed actuators, sensors, and processing networks. Static and dynamic analytic models are derived for segmented piezoelectric actuators that are either bonded to an elastic substructure or embedded in a laminated composite. These models lead to the ability to predict, a priori, the response of the structural member to a command voltage applied to the piezoelectric and give guidance as to the optimal location for actuator placement. A scaling analysis is performed to demonstrate that the effectiveness of piezoelectric actuators is independent of the size of the structure and to evaluate various piezoelectric materials based on their effectiveness in transmitting strain to the substructure. Three test specimens of cantilevered beams were constructed: an aluminum beam with surface-bonded actuators, a glass/epoxy beam with embedded actuators, and a graphite/epoxy beam with embedded actuators. The actuators were used to excite steady-state resonant vibrations in the cantilevered beams. The response of the specimens compared well with those predicted by the analytic models. Static tensile tests performed on glass/epoxy laminates indicated that the embedded actuator reduced the ultimate strength of the laminate by 20%, while not significantly affecting the global elastic modulus of the specimen.
2,719 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an active vibration damper for a cantilever beam was designed using a distributed-parameter actuator and distributedparameter control theory, and preliminary testing of the damper was performed on the first mode of the beam.
Abstract: An active vibration damper for a cantilever beam was designed using a distributed-parameter actuator and distributed-parameter control theory. The distributed-parameter actuator was a piezoelectric polymer, poly (vinylidene fluoride). Lyapunov's second method for distributed-parameter systems was used to design a control algorithm for the damper. If the angular velocity of the tip of the beam is known, all modes of the beam can be controlled simultaneously. Preliminary testing of the damper was performed on the first mode of the cantilever beam. A linear constant-gain controller and a nonlinear constant-amplitude controller were compared. The baseline loss factor of the first mode was 0.003 for large-amplitude vibrations (± 2 cm tip displacement) decreasing to 0.001 for small vibrations (±0.5 mm tip displacement). The constant-gain controller provided more than a factor of two increase in the modal damping with a feedback voltage limit of 200 V rms. With the same voltage limit, the constant-amplitude controller achieved the same damping as the constant-gain controller for large vibrations, but increased the modal loss factor by more than an order of magnitude to at least 0.040 for small vibration levels.
1,408 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a new structure (shell or plate) containing an integrated distributed piezoelectric sensor and actuator is proposed, where the distributed sensing layer monitors the structural oscillation due to the direct PDE and the distributed actuator layer suppresses the oscillation via the converse PDE.
642 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a modified independent modal space control method is employed to select the optimal location, control gains, and excitation voltage of the piezoelectric actuators, which minimizes both the vibration amplitudes of the beams to which these actuators are bonded and the input control effort needed to suppress these vibrations.
448 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed measures of modal controllability and observability for a system described by the triple (A9B9C) where the matrix A has a set of distinct eigenvalues and a well-conditioned modal matrix.
Abstract: For a system described by the triple (A9B9C) where the matrix A has a set of distinct eigenvalues and a wellconditioned modal matrix, we propose measures of modal controllability and observability. The angles between the left eigenvectors of A and the columns of the matrix B are used to propose modal controllability measures and the angles between the rows of the matrix C, and the right eigenvectors of A are used to propose modal observability measures. Gross measures of controllabili ty of a mode from all inputs and its observability in all outputs are also proposed. These measures are related to other measures suggested in the literature. A closed-form relation between the norm of the residue and the proposed measures is given, thus linking the residue to the unobservability or uncontrollability of the mode. We finally show that the proposed measures can be applied directly to second-order models.
235 citations